Abstract:

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a key component to ensure the safety and efficiency of PEM fuel cells. To date, Nafion and some Nafion derivatives PEMs have been commercialized and widely used in fuel cells, hydrogen production, sensing, detection, flow batteries and other fields. However, they still have problems such as high manufacturing cost and narrow temperature range (-20—80℃). In recent years, some metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as potential proton conductors, have been used to modify and improve the existing polymer proton exchange membranes, or even be directly used as the main proton conducting medium to form PEMs due to their crystallinity, designability and high specific surface area. A series of important progress has been achieved. This paper introduced five common types of proton conduction in MOFs and reviewed the representative high-performance proton conducting MOFs in recent years. Meanwhile, three common application methods of proton-conducting MOFs in PEMs were summarized, which showed that MOFs had great development potential in improving PEM proton conductivity, reducing PEM cost and broadening the efficient working range of PEM. In the conclusion part, it was pointed out that the application of existing MOFs in PEMs still had problems in stability, durability, the escape of harmful substances, etc. It was hoped that this paper can provide references and ideas for the development of next-generation MOFs proton exchange membranes.

Key words: metal-organic frameworks, proton exchange membranes, fuel cells, proton conduction

摘要：

质子交换膜（proton exchange membrane，PEM）是保证燃料电池安全、高效运行的关键部件。当前，Nafion及部分Nafion衍生物PEM被广泛应用于燃料电池、电解制氢、传感检测、液流电池等领域。但是，其仍存在制造成本过高、高效温度范围狭窄（\mathrm{约}\mathrm{20}~\mathrm{80}℃）等问题。近年来，部分金属有机框架材料（metal-organic frameworks，MOFs）因具有结晶性、可设计性和高比表面积等优点，作为潜在的新型质子导体，被用于修饰、改进现有高分子质子交换膜，或直接被作为主要质子传导介质制成质子交换膜，取得了一系列重要进展。本文详细介绍了在MOFs中五种质子传导的常见方式，综述了近年来国内外在高性能质子传导MOFs领域的代表性成果，总结了质子传导MOFs在质子交换膜中的三类常见应用方法，指出MOFs材料在提高PEM质子电导率、降低PEM成本、拓宽PEM高效工作区间等方面具有巨大的发展潜力。最后，本文提出现有MOFs在质子交换膜中的应用还存在稳定性、耐久性、有害物质逸出等方面的问题，这为新型MOFs质子交换膜的开发提供了参考与思路。

关键词: 金属有机框架材料, 质子交换膜, 燃料电池, 质子传导