Abstract:

The development of high-performance catalysts is essential to improve the residue hydrogenation quality. In this review, the effects of alumina support and catalyst preparation method on the structure and stability of the active phase were introduced. Firstly, it discussed the influence of alumina surface properties (type and concentration of hydroxyl groups, surface-dependent orientation), crystal phase (γ-Al₂O₃, η-Al₂O₃, δ-Al₂O₃, θ-Al₂O₃, α-Al₂O₃), and pore structure (pore size distribution and specific surface area) on the metal-support interaction. Then, the modifications of hydroxyl, acid, and pore structure on alumina surface by hydrothermal treatment were analyzed. Subsequently, the effects of additives and sulphuration conditions on the structure of the active phase were outlined in catalyst preparation. Then the structure-activity relationship between active phase and catalytic performance was summarized. Finally, it pointed out the necessity to balance the large pore size and high mechanical strength, and to regulate the macroscopic distribution of active components on the support according to the specific demand. Moreover, the pore structure design of industrial catalysts and in situ characterization techniques should be considered in future researches.

Key words: alumina, HDS, catalyst support, surface property, active phase

摘要：

开发高性能催化剂是渣油加氢提质的关键。本文重点介绍了氧化铝载体及催化剂制备方法对活性相结构和稳定性的影响。从氧化铝载体出发，分析了氧化铝表面性质（表面羟基种类和浓度、载体表面取向）、晶相（γ-Al₂O₃、η-Al₂O₃、δ-Al₂O₃、θ-Al₂O₃、α-Al₂O₃等）及孔结构（孔径分布和比表面积）对金属-载体相互作用、反应物分子在载体表面吸附和内部扩散的影响。从催化剂制备方法出发，总结了水热处理对氧化铝表面羟基、酸性、孔结构改性的方法。此外，概述了催化剂制备过程中助剂类型和硫化条件对活性相结构的影响，并分析了活性相与催化性能的构效关系。最后，指出了工业催化剂制备时大孔径和高机械强度需要匹配的问题，提出根据实际应用需求来调控活性组分在载体上的宏观分布，并展望了催化剂孔道结构设计与原位表征技术的开发等未来发展方向。

关键词: 氧化铝, 加氢脱硫, 催化剂载体, 表面性质, 活性相