Crystallization kinetics of (NH4)2SO4 in mixed solution of (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4 and the influence of Fe/Al/Mn/Cr ions on crystallization

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0542

Abstract

Abstract:

Processes such as hydrometallurgy and ternary precursor preparation will produce high-salt wastewater containing sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. It is of great significance to study the crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate in high-salt wastewater and investigate the influence of common metal ions for the treatment of high-salt wastewater. Taking the crystallization process of ammonium sulfate in a mixed solution containing sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate as an example, the crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate and the influence of ferrum, aluminum, manganese and chromium on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate were systematically investigated. The results of the crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate in the mixed solution containing sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate showed that the nucleation rate and growth rate equations of ammonium sulfate were: $B = 1.303 × 10 - 16 G 1.069 M T 1.801$ and $G = 15.708 σ 1.387$ . In the mixed system of sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, the supersaturation of the solution affected the nucleation and growth rate of ammonium sulfate. With the decrease of saturation, the nucleation and growth rate of crystals would decrease. Compared with the results of single-system ammonium sulfate crystallization kinetics, the kinetic parameters all decreased. The research results of the effect of ferrum, aluminum, manganese and chromium on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate indicated that ferrum and aluminum inhibited the growth of ammonium sulfate crystal planes and reduced the crystal size, while manganese and chromium can promote the crystallization of ammonium sulfate and increase the crystal size. Metal ions changed the crystal habit of ammonium sulfate. Manganese made the crystal appear triangular prism, while ferrum and aluminum made the ammonium sulfate crystal grow in flakes. The kinetic equations of crystallization under the conditions of different metal ions showed that ferrum and aluminum had more significant effects on the crystallization nucleation process, while manganese and chromium can promote the growth process of ammonium sulfate.

Key words: ammonium sulfate, metal ion, crystallization, kinetics

摘要：

湿法冶金、三元前体制备等过程均会产生含硫酸钠与硫酸铵的高盐废水。研究高盐废水中硫酸铵的结晶动力学，并考察常见金属离子的影响规律对高盐废水处理具有重要意义。本文以含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液中硫酸铵的结晶过程为例，系统考察了硫酸铵的结晶动力学及铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律。含硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合溶液硫酸铵结晶动力学研究结果表明，硫酸铵生长速率和成核速率方程分别为为 $B = 1.303 × 10 - 16 G 1.069 M T 1.801$ ， $G = 15.708 σ 1.387$ ；在硫酸钠与硫酸铵混合体系中，溶液过饱和度影响硫酸铵成核及生长速率，溶液过饱和度减小，晶体的成核及生长速率都会减小，与单体系硫酸铵结晶动力学结果相比，动力学参数均有所下降。铁、铝、锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶的影响规律研究结果表明，铁、铝抑制了硫酸铵晶面生长，结晶粒度减小；锰、铬对硫酸铵结晶有一定的促进作用，结晶粒度增大。金属离子改变了硫酸铵晶习，锰使结晶呈现三棱柱状，铁、铝使硫酸铵结晶片状生长。不同金属离子条件下的结晶动力学方程表明，铁和铝对结晶成核过程作用更为显著，锰和铬可以促进硫酸铵生长过程。

关键词: 硫酸铵, 金属离子, 结晶, 动力学

CLC Number:

TQ113.7

FAN Jiahao, ZHANG Yang, FAN Binqiang, ZHANG Hedong, ZHENG Shili, ZOU Xing. Crystallization kinetics of (NH₄)₂SO₄ in mixed solution of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and Na₂SO₄ and the influence of Fe/Al/Mn/Cr ions on crystallization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 488-496.

范嘉昊, 张洋, 范兵强, 张贺东, 郑诗礼, 邹兴. (NH₄)₂SO₄和Na₂SO₄混合溶液中(NH₄)₂SO₄结晶动力学及铁/铝/锰/铬等离子对(NH₄)₂SO₄结晶的影响规律[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 488-496.

Figures/Tables 12

取样编号	m/kg	$M T$ /kg·m^-3	σ
1	4.19×10^-5	4.19	0.014
2	7.99×10^-5	7.99	0.042
3	12.01×10^-4	12.01	0.035
4	19.13×10^-4	19.13	0.05
5	14.24×10^-4	14.24	0.04
6	19.77×10^-4	19.77	0.075
7	23.55×10^-4	23.55	0.05
8	25.52×10^-4	25.52	0.014
9	26.08×10^-4	26.08	0.042

取样编号	m/kg	$M T$ /kg·m^-3	σ
1	4.19×10^-5	4.19	0.014
2	7.99×10^-5	7.99	0.042
3	12.01×10^-4	12.01	0.035
4	19.13×10^-4	19.13	0.05
5	14.24×10^-4	14.24	0.04
6	19.77×10^-4	19.77	0.075
7	23.55×10^-4	23.55	0.05
8	25.52×10^-4	25.52	0.014
9	26.08×10^-4	26.08	0.042

粒度/μm	累加百分数/%	ΔL/μm	$L j ¯$ /μm	n_j /μm^-4	μ₀_j /μm^-3	μ₁_j /μm^-2
0	0	50	25	0	0	0
50	0	50	75	0	0	0
100	1.8113208	50	125	4.39072×10^-15	2.19536×10^-13	2.7442×10^-11
150	6.5660377	50	175	4.20031×10^-15	2.10015×10^-3	3.67527×10^-11
200	6.5660377	50	225	0	0	0
250	10.0377358	50	275	7.90341×10^-16	3.95171×10^-14	1.08672×10^-11
300	21.4339623	100	350	6.29213×10^-16	6.29213×10^-14	2.20225×10^-11
400	26.7169811	100	450	1.37241×10^-16	1.37241×10^-14	6.17587×10^-12
500	30.9433962	100	550	6.01347×10^-17	6.01347×10^-15	3.30741×10^-12
600	43.3962264	100	650	1.07342×10^-16	1.07342×10^-14	6.97722×10^-12
700	46.7924528	100	750	1.9057×10^-17	1.9057×10^-15	1.42927×10^-12
800	46.7924528	100	850	0	0	0
900	58.5660377	100	950	3.25071×10^-17	3.25071×10^-15	3.08818×10^-12
1000	83.8490566	500	1250	6.12872×10^-18	3.06436×10^-15	3.83045×10^-12
1500	100	500	1750	1.42677×10^-18	7.13386×10^-16	1.24843×10^-12
2000					μ₀=5.71396×10^-13	μ₁=1.23141×10^-10

粒度/μm	累加百分数/%	ΔL/μm	$L j ¯$ /μm	n_j /μm^-4	μ₀_j /μm^-3	μ₁_j /μm^-2
0	0	50	25	0	0	0
50	0	50	75	0	0	0
100	1.8113208	50	125	4.39072×10^-15	2.19536×10^-13	2.7442×10^-11
150	6.5660377	50	175	4.20031×10^-15	2.10015×10^-3	3.67527×10^-11
200	6.5660377	50	225	0	0	0
250	10.0377358	50	275	7.90341×10^-16	3.95171×10^-14	1.08672×10^-11
300	21.4339623	100	350	6.29213×10^-16	6.29213×10^-14	2.20225×10^-11
400	26.7169811	100	450	1.37241×10^-16	1.37241×10^-14	6.17587×10^-12
500	30.9433962	100	550	6.01347×10^-17	6.01347×10^-15	3.30741×10^-12
600	43.3962264	100	650	1.07342×10^-16	1.07342×10^-14	6.97722×10^-12
700	46.7924528	100	750	1.9057×10^-17	1.9057×10^-15	1.42927×10^-12
800	46.7924528	100	850	0	0	0
900	58.5660377	100	950	3.25071×10^-17	3.25071×10^-15	3.08818×10^-12
1000	83.8490566	500	1250	6.12872×10^-18	3.06436×10^-15	3.83045×10^-12
1500	100	500	1750	1.42677×10^-18	7.13386×10^-16	1.24843×10^-12
2000					μ₀=5.71396×10^-13	μ₁=1.23141×10^-10

取样编号	μ₀/μm^-3	μ₁/μm^-2	$B ¯$ /μm^-3·s^-1	$G ¯$ /μm·s^-1
1	5.71396×10^-13	1.23141×10^-10	1.18142×10^-15	0.04116
2	1.28025×10^-12	3.51759×10^-10	1.04789×10^-15	0.18793
3	1.90898×10^-12	5.31568×10^-10	4.01696×10^-15	0.14552
4	4.31916×10^-12	8.03464×10^-10	1.57388×10^-14	0.23945
5	1.37625×10^-11	1.55993×10^-9	4.67263×10^-15	0.20499
6	1.656×10^-11	1.74644×10^-9	1.09063×10^-14	0.41233
7	1.00223×10^-11	2.07534×10^-9	1.71882×10^-14	0.25547
8	2.03352×10^-11	2.30801×10^-9	1.91881×10^-14	0.62046
9	3.18481×10^-11	3.27934×10^-9

取样编号	μ₀/μm^-3	μ₁/μm^-2	$B ¯$ /μm^-3·s^-1	$G ¯$ /μm·s^-1
1	5.71396×10^-13	1.23141×10^-10	1.18142×10^-15	0.04116
2	1.28025×10^-12	3.51759×10^-10	1.04789×10^-15	0.18793
3	1.90898×10^-12	5.31568×10^-10	4.01696×10^-15	0.14552
4	4.31916×10^-12	8.03464×10^-10	1.57388×10^-14	0.23945
5	1.37625×10^-11	1.55993×10^-9	4.67263×10^-15	0.20499
6	1.656×10^-11	1.74644×10^-9	1.09063×10^-14	0.41233
7	1.00223×10^-11	2.07534×10^-9	1.71882×10^-14	0.25547
8	2.03352×10^-11	2.30801×10^-9	1.91881×10^-14	0.62046
9	3.18481×10^-11	3.27934×10^-9

杂质种类	浓度/mol·L^-1	成核动力学方程	生长动力学方程
Mn²⁺	0.001	$B = 4.129 × 10 - 17 G 0.454 M T 1.995$	$G = 17.267 σ 1.098$
	0.002	$B = 2.974 × 10 - 17 G 0.856 M T 1.341$	$G = 17.997 σ 1.12$
	0.003	$B = 1.517 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.613$	$G = 15.276 σ 1.198$
Al³⁺	0.001	$B = 1.316 × 10 - 17 G 0.744 M T 2.142$	$G = 13.274 σ 1.159$
	0.002	$B = 1.307 × 10 - 17 G 0.744 M T 2.142$	$G = 12.831 σ 1.372$
	0.003	$B = 1.203 × 10 - 17 G 1.069 M T 1.801$	$G = 12.118 σ 1.272$
Fe³⁺	0.001	$B = 1.876 × 10 - 17 G 0.647 M T 1.886$	$G = 11.219 σ 1.277$
	0.002	$B = 1.611 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.396$	$G = 10.884 σ 1.316$
	0.003	$B = 1.454 × 10 - 17 G 0.931 M T 1.576$	$G = 10.687 σ 1.386$
Cr³⁺	0.001	$B = 3.422 × 10 - 17 G 0.599 M T 1.388$	$G = 16.457 σ 1.078$
	0.002	$B = 2.747 × 10 - 17 G 0.873 M T 1.671$	$G = 18.155 σ 1.253$
	0.003	$B = 1.498 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.613$	$G = 13.844 σ 1.361$

杂质种类	浓度/mol·L^-1	成核动力学方程	生长动力学方程
Mn²⁺	0.001	$B = 4.129 × 10 - 17 G 0.454 M T 1.995$	$G = 17.267 σ 1.098$
	0.002	$B = 2.974 × 10 - 17 G 0.856 M T 1.341$	$G = 17.997 σ 1.12$
	0.003	$B = 1.517 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.613$	$G = 15.276 σ 1.198$
Al³⁺	0.001	$B = 1.316 × 10 - 17 G 0.744 M T 2.142$	$G = 13.274 σ 1.159$
	0.002	$B = 1.307 × 10 - 17 G 0.744 M T 2.142$	$G = 12.831 σ 1.372$
	0.003	$B = 1.203 × 10 - 17 G 1.069 M T 1.801$	$G = 12.118 σ 1.272$
Fe³⁺	0.001	$B = 1.876 × 10 - 17 G 0.647 M T 1.886$	$G = 11.219 σ 1.277$
	0.002	$B = 1.611 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.396$	$G = 10.884 σ 1.316$
	0.003	$B = 1.454 × 10 - 17 G 0.931 M T 1.576$	$G = 10.687 σ 1.386$
Cr³⁺	0.001	$B = 3.422 × 10 - 17 G 0.599 M T 1.388$	$G = 16.457 σ 1.078$
	0.002	$B = 2.747 × 10 - 17 G 0.873 M T 1.671$	$G = 18.155 σ 1.253$
	0.003	$B = 1.498 × 10 - 17 G 0.969 M T 1.613$	$G = 13.844 σ 1.361$

杂质种类	浓度/mol·L^-1	$B ¯$ /μm^-3·s^-1	$G ¯$ /μm·s^-1
Mn²⁺	0.001	1.76419×10^-14	0.66714
	0.002	1.13867×10^-14	0.82653
	0.003	9.17748×10^-15	0.33817
Al³⁺	0.001	7.42176×10^-15	0.61249
	0.002	6.34097×10^-15	0.37135
	0.003	1.76419×10^-15	0.24965
Fe³⁺	0.001	5.25004×10^-15	0.44396
	0.002	3.54196×10^-15	0.34471
	0.003	1.19991×10^-15	0.14457
Cr³⁺	0.001	1.05465×10^-14	0.74411
	0.002	8.94551×10^-15	0.37585
	0.003	5.11125×10^-15	0.25918

杂质种类	浓度/mol·L^-1	$B ¯$ /μm^-3·s^-1	$G ¯$ /μm·s^-1
Mn²⁺	0.001	1.76419×10^-14	0.66714
	0.002	1.13867×10^-14	0.82653
	0.003	9.17748×10^-15	0.33817
Al³⁺	0.001	7.42176×10^-15	0.61249
	0.002	6.34097×10^-15	0.37135
	0.003	1.76419×10^-15	0.24965
Fe³⁺	0.001	5.25004×10^-15	0.44396
	0.002	3.54196×10^-15	0.34471
	0.003	1.19991×10^-15	0.14457
Cr³⁺	0.001	1.05465×10^-14	0.74411
	0.002	8.94551×10^-15	0.37585
	0.003	5.11125×10^-15	0.25918

References 30

1	蒋道利, 王丹, 王海元. 分步结晶技术在酸性铵盐沉钒废水处理中的应用[J]. 中国井矿盐, 2016, 47(1): 9-12.
	JIANG Daoli, WANG Dan, WANG Haiyuan. The application of fractional crystallization technology in treatment of precipitating vanadium wastewater with acidic ammonium salts[J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 2016, 47(1): 9-12.
2	彭思瑶, 施云海. 硫酸铵介稳区宽度的研究及成核动力学计算[J]. 无机盐工业, 2018, 50(1): 41-45.
	PENG Siyao, SHI Yunhai. Study on metastable zone width and nucleation kinetics of ammonium sulfate crystallization process[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2018, 50(1): 41-45.
3	万雅曼. 硫铵蒸发结晶的工艺研究与优化[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2014.
	WAN Yaman. Process optimization and research of ammonium sulphate evaporation crystallization[D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2014.
4	张建华, 叶世超, 段兰娟, 等. 流化床中硫酸铵结晶生长特性实验研究[J]. 现代化工, 2018, 38(2): 170-172, 174.
	ZHANG Jianhua, YE Shichao, DUAN Lanjuan, et al. Study on crystal growth characteristics of ammonium sulfate in fluidized bed[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2018, 38(2): 170-172, 174.
5	KITAMURA Mitsutaka, ENDO Hiromi. Growth process of ammonium sulfate crystals produced by secondary nucleation in stirred-tank crystallizer[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 1991, 24(5): 593-599.
6	WESTHOFF G M, BUTLER B K, KRAMER H J M, et al. Growth behaviour of crystals formed by primary nucleation on different crystalliser scales[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2002, 237/238/239: 2136-2141.
7	靳学利, 李明东, 尤晓宇, 等. 硫酸铵、镁、锰复盐结晶动力学研究[J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2022, 13(1): 1-7.
	JIN Xueli, LI Mingdong, YOU Xiaoyu, et al. Study on crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulfate, magnesium and manganese double salt[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2022, 13(1): 1-7.
8	张伊恒, 徐兆立. 氯化钠在乙二醇溶液中的结晶动力学分析[J]. 天然气技术与经济, 2017, 11(2): 58-60, 84.
	ZHANG Yiheng, XU Zhaoli. Crystallization kinetics of sodium chloride in ethylene glycol solution[J]. Natural Gas Technology and Economy, 2017, 11(2): 58-60, 84.
9	杨洪友. 镁、铵在MnSO₄溶液中的溶解度及复盐结晶动力学研究[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2020.
	YANG Hongyou. Research on the solubility of magnesium and ammonium in MnSO₄ solution and the crystallization kinetics of the double salt[D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University, 2020.
10	RAULS M, BARTOSCH K, KIND M, et al. The influence of impurities on crystallization kinetics—A case study on ammonium sulfate[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2000, 213(1/2): 116-128.
11	殷萍. 硫酸铵蒸发结晶过程研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2007.
	YIN Ping. Study on evaporation crystallization process of ammonium sulfate[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2007.
12	ÓMEADHRA R, VAN ROSMALEN G M. Modelling of the growth of ammonium sulphate crystals in a DTB crystallizer[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1996, 51(16): 3919-3929.
13	高毅颖, 张懿, 王静康, 等. 不同类型媒晶剂对硫酸铵晶体形态学指标的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2011, 62(12): 3575-3579.
	GAO Yiying, ZHANG Yi, WANG Jingkang, et al. Effect of crystallization additives on crystal morphology of ammonium sulfate[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(12): 3575-3579.
14	代蒙, 黄帮福, 李露, 等. 氨法脱硫中影响硫酸铵结晶的主要因素[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(2): 505-512.
	DAI Meng, HUANG Bangfu, LI Lu, et al. Main influencing factors of ammonium sulfate crystallization in ammonia desulfurization process[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 40(2): 505-512.
15	CHOI Cheong Song, KIM Ik Soo. Growth kinetics of ammonium sulfate in the ternary system ammonium sulfate-ammonium nitrate-water[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1990, 29(7): 1558-1562.
16	许小静, 张圆圆, 郑鹏艳, 等. 氨法脱硫中杂质对硫酸铵结晶的影响[J]. 煤炭转化, 2020, 43(6): 75-83.
	XU Xiaojing, ZHANG Yuanyuan, ZHENG Pengyan, et al. Effects of impurities on ammonium sulfate crystallization in ammonia desulfurization[J]. Coal Conversion, 2020, 43(6): 75-83.
17	LARSON Maurice A, MULLIN John W. Crystallization kinetics of ammonium sulphate[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1973, 20(3): 183-191.
18	刘宝树, 种悦晖, 孙华, 等. 均一化大颗粒硫酸铵结晶高效制备工艺研究[J]. 无机盐工业, 2017, 49(6): 77-80.
	LIU Baoshu, CHONG Yuehui, SUN Hua, et al. High efficiency preparation of homogeneous large granular ammonium sulfate crystals[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2017, 49(6): 77-80.
19	LIU X, ZHONG Q, WANG J, et al. Study on ammonium sulfate crystallization in the ammonium desulphurization process in a coal-based power plant in the petrochemical industry[J]. Energy Sources A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2011, 33(22): 2027-2035.
20	贾海燕. 影响氨法脱硫溶液结晶成硫酸铵产品的因素及对策[J]. 煤炭加工与综合利用, 2017(12): 30-33, 71, 96.
	JIA Haiyan. The factors influencing crystallization of ammonia desulfurization solution to ammonium sulfate products and the countermeasures[J]. Coal Processing & Comprehensive Utilization, 2017(12): 30-33, 71, 96.
21	章永洁, 曹吉林, 李琳, 等. 25℃下K₂SO₄-(NH₄)₂SO₄-CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O四元体系的相平衡[J]. 过程工程学报, 2003, 3(3): 212-217.
	ZHANG Yongjie, CAO Jilin, LI Lin, et al. Phase equilibrium of the quaternary K₂SO₄-(NH₄)₂SO₄-CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O system at 25℃[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2003, 3(3): 212-217.
22	FARRELL Robert J, TSAI Yen Cheng. Modeling, simulation and kinetic parameter estimation in batch crystallization processes[J]. AIChE Journal, 1994, 40(4): 586-593.
23	陈亮, 肖剑, 谢在库, 等. 高质量分数对二甲苯结晶动力学研究[J]. 化学工程, 2009, 37(10): 22-24, 31.
	CHEN Liang, XIAO Jian, XIE Zaiku, et al. Crystallization kinetics of p-xylene with high mass fraction[J]. Chemical Engineering (China), 2009, 37(10): 22-24, 31.
24	王道广. MgCl₂-CO₂-NH₃-H₂O体系结晶热力学和动力学及其在二氧化碳固定和氧化镁生产中的应用[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2012.
	WANG Daoguang. Crystallization thermodynamics and kinetics of the MgCl₂-CO₂-NH₃-H₂O system: its application in carbon dioxide sequestration and magnesia production[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012.
25	周堃, 向东妮, 刘海川. MSMPR结晶器中肌肉肌醇的冷却结晶动力学[J]. 化工设计通讯, 2018, 44(11): 158-160.
	ZHOU Kun, XIANG Dongni, LIU Haichuan. Cooling crystallization kinetics of myo-inositol in MSMPR crysallizer[J]. Chemical Engineering Design Communications, 2018, 44(11): 158-160.
26	MERSMANN A, KIND M, STICHLMAIR J. Thermal separation technology[M]. New York: Springer, 2011.
27	王禄. 添加剂条件下的甘氨酸结晶过程研究及分子模拟[D]. 石家庄: 河北科技大学, 2017.
	WANG Lu. Study on the crystallization process of glycine with additives and molecular simulation[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2017.
28	DAVEY R J. The effect of impurity adsorption on the kinetics of crystal growth from solution[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 1976, 34(1): 109-119.
29	CANO H, GABAS N, CANSELIER J P. Experimental study on the ibuprofen crystal growth morphology in solution[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2001, 224(3/4): 335-341.
30	PUEL F, MARCHAL P, KLEIN J. Habit transient analysis in industrial crystallization using two dimensional crystal sizing technique[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 1997, 75(2): 193-205.

[1]	XU Chunshu, YAO Qingda, LIANG Yongxian, ZHOU Hualong. Research progress on functionalization strategies of covalent organic frame materials and its adsorption properties for Hg(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 461-478.
[2]	GU Yongzheng, ZHANG Yongsheng. Dynamic behavior and kinetic model of Hg⁰ adsorption by HBr-modified fly ash [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 498-509.
[3]	WANG Peng, ZHANG Yang, FAN Bingqiang, HE Dengbo, SHEN Changshuai, ZHANG Hedong, ZHENG Shili, ZOU Xing. Process and kinetics of hydrochloric acid leaching of high-carbon ferrochromium [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 510-517.
[4]	DONG Jiayu, WANG Simin. Experimental on ultrasound enhancement of para-xylene crystallization characteristics and regulation mechanism [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4504-4513.
[5]	SHI Keke, LIU Muzi, ZHAO Qiang, LI Jinping, LIU Guang. Properties and research progress of magnesium based hydrogen storage materials [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4731-4745.
[6]	WANG Junjie, PAN Yanqiu, NIU Yabin, YU Lu. Molecular level catalytic reforming model construction and application [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3404-3412.
[7]	GE Weitong, LIAO Yalong, LI Mingyuan, JI Guangxiong, XI Jiajun. Preparation and dechlorination kinetics of Pd-Fe/MWCNTs bimetallic catalyst [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 1885-1894.
[8]	WU Xia, JIANG Xuntao, ZHANG Yuxiao, LYU Huiyuan, HUANG Fang, YU Xiaoxi. Protein crystallization research based on droplet microfluidics [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(4): 2024-2030.
[9]	LI Yun, CUI Nan, XIONG Xingxing, HUANG Zhiyuan, WANG Dongliang, XU Dan, LI Jun, LI Zebing. Influence of rare earth element Er(Ⅲ) on performance of short-cut nitrification and its inhibition kinetics [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1659-1668.
[10]	WANG Wei, ZHANG Dongxu, LI Zunzhao, WANG Xiaolin, HUANG Qiyu. Research progress on the growth behavior of hydrates in water-in-oil emulsion systems [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1155-1166.
[11]	SONG Ye, CHEN Yuzhuo, SONG Yuncai, FENG Jie. Catalyst design and reactor analysis for in-situ purification of organic solid waste syngas [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1383-1396.
[12]	DUAN Yihang, GAO Ningbo, QUAN Cui. Effect of hydrothermal treatment on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of oily sludge [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(2): 603-613.
[13]	KANG Yu, GOU Zenian. Kinetics studies of carbon gas hydrate separation in the presence of amino acids and DTAC [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5067-5075.
[14]	QI Yabing, JIA Honglei. Progress on separation and purification for organic compounds by melt crystallization [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 373-385.
[15]	CHEN Qiushi, ZHENG Chen, ZHANG Mindi. Numerical simulation of the esterification between chlorophosphate and n-butyl alcohol in microchannel reactor [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(S1): 29-35.

Crystallization kinetics of (NH₄)₂SO₄ in mixed solution of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and Na₂SO₄ and the influence of Fe/Al/Mn/Cr ions on crystallization

(NH₄)₂SO₄和Na₂SO₄混合溶液中(NH₄)₂SO₄结晶动力学及铁/铝/锰/铬等离子对(NH₄)₂SO₄结晶的影响规律

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 30

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments