Abstract:

Lignin is a kind of biomass resource with complex structure and abundant yield, but it has low utilization rate. It can be depolymerized into high value-added products through catalytic pyrolysis and has broad application prospects. This paper introduces the research methods of catalyst mechanism and the mode of action of catalysts, and compares the catalytic performance, product yield, product distribution, catalytic mechanism and advantages of molecular sieve catalysts, metal oxide catalysts and metal salt catalysts commonly used in catalyzing the pyrolysis of lignin. Molecular sieve catalysts have strong deoxygenation ability and high acidity, but low liquid product yield; metal oxide catalysts have the advantages of high liquid product yield and strong thermal stability, but they rely on the adjustment of catalyst acidity and alkalinity; although metal salt catalysts are highly efficient and inexpensive, they have poor thermal stability and are easy to inactivate. At the same time, this article puts forward a prospect of lignin catalytic pyrolysis. The research on pyrolysis catalysts in the future needs to be in-depth and systematized. According to the types of lignin and target products, the design of composite catalysts, core-shell catalysts and multi-catalyst cooperative catalysis is the development trend of pyrolysis catalyst.

Key words: lignin, catalytic pyrolysis, zeolite, metallic oxide, metal salt

摘要：

木质素是一种结构复杂、产量丰富但利用率较低的生物质资源，可通过催化热解解聚为高附加值产物，具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了催化剂机理研究方法和催化剂作用方式，比较了催化木质素热解常用的分子筛类催化剂、金属氧化物类催化剂和金属盐类催化剂的催化性能、产物收率、产品分布、催化机理及优缺点。文中指出：分子筛类催化剂的脱氧能力强、酸度高，但液体产物收率较低；金属氧化物类催化剂具有液体产物收率较高、热稳定性强等优点，但依赖于催化剂酸碱性的调控；金属盐类催化剂虽高效、价格低廉，但热稳定性差、易失活。同时，本文对木质素催化热解领域提出了展望，未来热解催化剂的研究有待深入和系统化，根据木质素种类和目标产物设计复合型催化剂、核壳型催化剂和多催化剂协同催化是未来热解催化剂发展的趋势。

关键词: 木质素, 催化热解, 分子筛, 金属氧化物, 金属盐