Advance in remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil by modified biochar

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0263

Abstract

Abstract:

The high concentration of heavy metals in edible forest products and agricultural products, which results from metal pollution in soil is seriously dangerous to human health. Biochar, as a kind of easily and widely sourced adsorption material, can be available in soil remediation of heavy metal pollutants. The article reviews the preparation of biochar, selections and functions of modifier, modification methods, and the characteristics of modified biochar. Analysis methods and applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and specific surface area and pore size analyzers are introduced. The preparation method, repair mechanism and effect of modified biochar are analyzed, and the adsorption mechanism of biochar and modified biochar on heavy metals including surface adsorption, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and coprecipitation are discussed. A large number of research results show that biochar has a significant effect on reducing the available content of heavy metals in soil, and is more efficient and stable after modification by acid/base, redox and adsorbent compound. Therefore, the goal of biochar modification is to improve the safety, efficiency, reusability, environmental friendliness, and to strengthen the capacity of heavy metal pollution remediation. Developing functional biochar and expanding the application of modified biochar are further research direction of modified biochar.

Key words: soil, modified biochar, heavy metal contamination, characterization technique, repair mechanism

摘要：

土壤中金属污染导致食用林产品、农产品中重金属高富集，严重威胁人类健康。生物炭作为简单易得，来源广泛的吸附材料，可用于土壤重金属污染物修复。本文主要综述了生物炭的制备、改性剂的选择与功能、改性方法及改性生物炭的特性。介绍了改性生物炭的表征手段如傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和比表面积和孔径分析仪在生物炭改性过程中的作用及分析方法。客观分析了改性生物炭的制备方式及对土壤重金属污染修复的机制及效果，并讨论生物炭及改性生物炭对重金属常见的吸附机理以及表面吸附、静电作用、离子交换和共沉淀的特征和条件。大量的研究结果表明，生物炭对降低土壤中重金属的有效态含量具有显著效果，且经过酸碱、氧化还原、吸附剂复合等方式改性后吸附性能更加高效和稳定。生物炭改性是为了提高生物炭的安全性、高效性、重复使用性和环境友好性，同时加强生物炭的重金属修复性能。因此，功能型生物炭的研制及拓展改性生物炭的应用是生物炭改性的进一步深入研究方向。

关键词: 土壤, 改性生物炭, 重金属污染, 表征技术, 修复机理

CLC Number:

S156.2

Anxiang HUANG, Dingyun YANG, Shoulu YANG, Xianyong ZHOU, Zhongwei WANG, Zhu LIU, Yanxiong ZHANG, Jie XU. Advance in remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil by modified biochar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(12): 5266-5274.

黄安香, 杨定云, 杨守禄, 周显勇, 王忠伟, 刘竹, 张彦雄, 许杰. 改性生物炭对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(12): 5266-5274.

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