Abstract:

In order to improve the accuracy of industrial process risk analysis, a quantitative analysis model based on hazard and operability(HAZOP) was established by HAZOP quantitative analysis method, which combines the traditional HAZOP analysis with the chemical simulation software Aspen Plus to create a process model. The sensitivity analysis function was used to simulate the process parameters to determine the degree of influence of the deviation on the system, thereby quantifying the deviation and determining the safe operating range of the process parameters. The method was applied to the risk analysis of vinyl chloride rectification in a chemical plant. The results showed that the method can accurately reflect the influence of feed parameter deviation on the vinyl chloride rectification system. When the relative deviation of feed temperature is higher than 25%, the heat load of the reboiler in the low boiler tower exceeds the safety threshold. When the relative deviation of the feed amount is higher than 20%, the heat load of the two tower condenser exceeds the safety threshold. When the absolute deviation of the feed composition is higher than 1.5%, the heat load of the high boiling tower condenser exceeds the safety threshold, the quality of products on the top of the tower decreases. Through quantification of feed parameters, quantitative risk analysis of vinyl chloride rectification was realized, which provides more effective safety measures for enterprises.

Key words: HAZOP analysis, numerical analysis, model, vinyl chloride distillation, risk quantification

摘要：

为提高工业过程风险分析的准确性，通过危险和可操作性（HAZOP）定量分析方法建立了基于HAZOP定量分析模型。本文将传统的HAZOP分析和化工模拟软件Aspen Plus相结合，建立工艺流程模型。通过灵敏度分析功能模拟过程参数产生偏差大小对系统影响的程度，从而对偏差进行量化，确定过程参数的安全操作范围。将此方法应用于某化工厂氯乙烯精馏的风险分析中，结果表明，该方法可以准确反映进料参数偏差对氯乙烯精馏系统的影响：当进料温度相对偏差高于25%时，低沸塔再沸器热负荷超出安全阈值；进料量相对偏差高于20%时，两塔冷凝器热负荷超出安全阈值；进料组成绝对偏差高于1.5%时，高沸塔冷凝器热负荷超出安全阈值，塔顶产品质量下降。通过进料参数偏差量化，实现氯乙烯精馏定量风险分析，为企业提出更为有效的安全措施。

关键词: 危险和可操作性分析, 数值模拟, 模型, 氯乙烯精馏, 风险定量