Abstract:

It has become an important direction for the development of bone tissue engineering to produce organic-inorganic composite bone repair scaffolds by imitating the precise structure of natural bone. Biomass materials such as collagen, gelatin, chitosan and silk fibroin are attracting more and more attention due to their excellent biological properties. On the other hand, silicon-containing bioactive materials are becoming important inorganic components in the preparation of bone repair scaffolds due to their favorable bone conductivity and bone inductivity. In this text, we introduced primarily two kinds of complex technology of components for manufacturing bone scaffolds, including the powder complex technology and in-situ complex technology, and strategies of fabricating structure of bone scaffolds, such as the freeze drying, electrostatic spinning, biomimetic mineralization and the 3D printing technology. We emphatically summarized the research progress of biomass-based bone repair scaffolds containing silicon materials, and elucidated that the current challenges were to prepare a bone scaffold possessing the appropriate mechanical properties, the favorable porous structure, and the matching performance of its biodegradation behavior with the new bone formation rate. Finally, the development trend of bone scaffold materials was discussed as well.

Key words: biomass, silicon-based material, bioactive glass, bone scaffold material, composite material

摘要：

模仿天然骨的精密结构制备有机-无机复合骨修复支架材料已成为骨组织工程发展的重要方向。生物质材料如胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、丝素蛋白等由于具有优良的生物学性能而得到广泛关注。含硅生物活性材料由于具有良好的骨传导性和骨诱导性，成为骨修复支架材料中重要的无机组分。本文主要介绍了粉体复合和原位复合两种骨支架材料组分的复合技术，阐述了冷冻干燥、静电纺丝、仿生矿化以及3D打印等骨支架材料结构的构建策略，着重总结了生物质基含硅骨修复支架材料研究进展，阐明当前骨支架材料制备的难点在于支架材料的力学性能和多孔性结构以及生物降解性能与新骨生成速率之间的匹配性问题，并对骨支架材料的发展进行了展望。

关键词: 生物质, 硅基材料, 生物活性玻璃, 骨支架材料, 复合材料