Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis for high salinity wastewater “zero liquid discharge”: applications, opportunities and challenges

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1158

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, high-salinity wastewater “zero liquid discharge” has become a seriously environmental issue for many companies, while the salts in high-salinity wastewater can be separated, concentrated, and reutilized by ion exchange membrane electrodialysis due to its special separation mechanism, resulting in the recycling of water and salts. In this paper, an application of ion exchange membrane electrodialysis in high-salinity “zero liquid discharge” for recent years was reviewed. Additionally, the potential of electrodialysis for treating high-salinity-high-COD wastewater was prospected, as well as the opportunity of the novel electrodialysis such as selective electrodialysis and bipolar membrane electrodialysis for separation of mixed salts and reutilization of the separated salts. Meanwhile, many challenges were point out in consideration of the large-scale application of electrodialysis, such as the advancement of ion exchange membrane properties, optimization of electrodialysis process, and the decrease in investment and running cost for electrodialysis apparatus. The progress proposed in this paper will provide a new method for the high-salinity wastewater “zero liquid discharge”. Besides, this progress will lay the foundations for large-scale application of ion exchange membrane electrodialysis in the high-salinity wastewater “zero liquid discharge” .

Key words: ion exchange membrane, electrodialysis, high-salinity wastewater, zero liquid discharge

摘要：

高盐废水“零排放”是当今很多企业需要面临的非常严峻的环保问题，而离子膜电渗析由于其独特的分离机制能够实现高盐废水中无机盐的分离、浓缩和资源化利用，从而实现水和盐的回收利用。本文综述了离子膜电渗析目前在高盐废水“零排放”盐浓缩工艺中的应用情况；展望了电渗析在高盐高COD废水中的应用前景以及新型的电渗析技术如选择性电渗析和双极膜电渗析在混盐分离和盐的资源化利用中的机遇；同时指出离子膜电渗析在大规模应用中仍存在很多挑战，如离子膜性能的提高、电渗析工艺的优化和电渗析设备的投资成本和能耗如何降低。本文将为高盐废水“零排放”提供新思路，同时为离子膜电渗析在高盐废水“零排放”中的规模化应用奠定基础。

关键词: 离子膜, 电渗析, 高盐废水, 零排放

CLC Number:

Haiyang YAN, Yaoming WANG, Chenxiao JIANG, Xiaolin WANG, Chuanrun LI, Liang WU, Tongwen XU. Ion exchange membrane electrodialysis for high salinity wastewater “zero liquid discharge”: applications, opportunities and challenges[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 672-681.

颜海洋, 汪耀明, 蒋晨啸, 王晓林, 李传润, 吴亮, 徐铜文. 离子膜电渗析在高盐废水“零排放”中的应用、机遇与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 672-681.

Figures/Tables 7

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项目名称	时间	处理效果及规模
王子纸业废水“零排放”	2014年	固含量从40g/L提高至120g/L，处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水1320万吨，年回收杂盐2.38万吨
华友湿法冶金废水“零排放”	2014年	处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水50万吨；年回收萃取剂9900kg；年回收氯化铵约1.8万吨，作为化肥外售；减少COD排放100t；年回收钴49.5t
宁夏能化高盐废水“零排放”	2015年	浓水TDS≥200g/L，整体系统回收率≥93%，处理量450m³/h
纳林河化工工业园区综合水处理	2016年	化工高盐废水资源化项目，采用进口离子膜，浓水TDS达到240g/L，水回用率达到99.5%，处理量200m³/h
新疆德兰印染废水“零排放”	2016年	浓水盐含量达到12%，27840m²离子膜，87台膜堆
电厂脱硫废水“零排放”	2016年	淡水电导降至1mS/cm，处理量200m³/h，27台膜堆
神华煤化工废水“零排放”	2017年	处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水330万吨；年回收杂盐约0.95万吨
山东淄博广通稀土废水“零排放”	2017年	氯氧化锆废水，9680m²离子膜，40台膜堆
山东电镀废水“零排放”	2017年	浓水盐含量达到15%，9600m²离子膜，40台膜堆

项目名称	时间	处理效果及规模
王子纸业废水“零排放”	2014年	固含量从40g/L提高至120g/L，处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水1320万吨，年回收杂盐2.38万吨
华友湿法冶金废水“零排放”	2014年	处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水50万吨；年回收萃取剂9900kg；年回收氯化铵约1.8万吨，作为化肥外售；减少COD排放100t；年回收钴49.5t
宁夏能化高盐废水“零排放”	2015年	浓水TDS≥200g/L，整体系统回收率≥93%，处理量450m³/h
纳林河化工工业园区综合水处理	2016年	化工高盐废水资源化项目，采用进口离子膜，浓水TDS达到240g/L，水回用率达到99.5%，处理量200m³/h
新疆德兰印染废水“零排放”	2016年	浓水盐含量达到12%，27840m²离子膜，87台膜堆
电厂脱硫废水“零排放”	2016年	淡水电导降至1mS/cm，处理量200m³/h，27台膜堆
神华煤化工废水“零排放”	2017年	处理后废水100%回收利用，年回收废水330万吨；年回收杂盐约0.95万吨
山东淄博广通稀土废水“零排放”	2017年	氯氧化锆废水，9680m²离子膜，40台膜堆
山东电镀废水“零排放”	2017年	浓水盐含量达到15%，9600m²离子膜，40台膜堆

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