Low-grade heat utilization and CO2 liquefaction process based on LiBr absorption refrigeration

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-1460

Abstract

Abstract: CO₂ liquefaction is a crucial procedure for carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS). The conventional cryogenic technique,running with the temperature lower than -20℃ and to prevent water from freezing,requires a complicated dehydration unit and consumes numerous mechanical power for refrigeration,and consequently the total running cost for CCUS is increased greatly. In this instance,a novel liquefaction technique based on LiBr absorption refrigeration system using flue gas waste heat was proposed in this research. The LiBr absorption refrigeration system driven by flue gas waste heat was used for generating the cold source at about 4℃. At the same time,the liquefaction temperature is increased to about 7℃ via upgrading the pressure of crude CO₂,so that it can be well matched with the refrigeration condition. Moreover,the increase in liquefaction temperature can avoid the holdback relating to water freezing and CO₂ hydration,and it is beneficial that the complicated dehydration unit is no longer demanded. Afterwards,process simulation and optimization was carried with ASPEN Plus. The simulation results revealed that the novel liquefaction technique can reduce the ecific power consumption to 123.7kW·h/tCO₂,and the energy saving degree is about 23.9% compared to the conventional technique. For a 200kt/a liquefaction plant,it is expected that this new-type technique can save electricity 7.70×10⁶ kW·h and running cost 2.25 million CNY per year. On the whole,the novel liquefaction technique behaves excellent in energy saving and economic benefit.

Key words: carbon capture, CO₂ liquefaction, low-grade heat, LiBr refrigeration, optimal design

摘要： 二氧化碳液化是衔接碳捕集与封存利用（CCSU）的重要环节。传统的低温液化工艺，操作温度低于-20℃，为避免水结冰冻堵，脱水预处理过程复杂、制冷能耗高，显著增加了CCSU的成本。对此，本研究提出利用烟气废热的LiBr制冷液化CO₂新工艺。以烟气携带的低温废热为热源驱动LiBr吸收式制冷机，制取4℃左右的冷媒；同时，提高粗二氧化碳的压力，使液化温度升高至7℃以上，与冷媒温度匹配。本工艺二氧化碳液化温度高于水的冰点以及水合物形成的临界温度，不再需要复杂的脱水预处理过程。Aspen Plus过程模拟分析表明，本项目提出的新工艺，全过程的压缩功耗（二氧化碳压缩+制冷压缩）为123.7 kW·h/t液态二氧化碳，比传统工艺节省约23.9%。以20万吨/年工业级二氧化碳生产装置为例，新工艺通过综合利用低温废热，每年可减少电耗7.70×10⁶ kW·h，节省运行成本约225万元，具有显著的节能效果和经济效益。

关键词: 碳捕集, CO₂液化, 低温废热, 吸收式制冷, 优化设计

CLC Number:

TQ116.3

RUAN Xuehua, XIN Yue, ZHANG Ning, YAN Xiaoming, DAI Yan, HE Gaohong. Low-grade heat utilization and CO₂ liquefaction process based on LiBr absorption refrigeration[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2018, 37(05): 1985-1991.

阮雪华, 辛月, 张宁, 焉晓明, 代岩, 贺高红. 利用烟气废热的LiBr制冷液化粗CO₂节能新工艺[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(05): 1985-1991.

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Low-grade heat utilization and CO₂ liquefaction process based on LiBr absorption refrigeration

利用烟气废热的LiBr制冷液化粗CO₂节能新工艺

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