Abstract: Cotton fiber based activated carbon was prepared by chemical activation of K₂CO₃. The main affecting factors were screened by Plackett-Burman (P-B)design with iodine adsorption and yield as the index. The optimal preparation process was determined by central composite design (CCD)and response surface optimization analysis. The content of elements,surface morphology,specific surface area,pore structure and surface functional group were measured using the samples prepared under optimal technological conditions. The results showed that the significant affecting factors of the iodine adsorption value and yield were activation temperature,impregnation ratio,and activation time. The optimum technical conditions are activation temperature 818℃,impregnation ratio 1,and activation time 1.5h. In this process,the iodine adsorption value and yield of the sample were 1513.7mg/g and 15.42%,respectively. The sample contained C amount of 93.45%,with a surface area of 1624.79m²/g,with an average aperture of 2.57nm. Its surface functional groups were rare. The high carbon content of waste textiles can be used to produce good performance activated carbons. And it is accurate and reliable to use P-B/CCD method to optimize the preparation of cotton fiber based activated carbon technology.

Key words: cotton fiber, activated carbon, Plackett-Burman design, central composite design, optimization

摘要： 以废旧棉布为原料，K₂CO₃为活化剂，化学活化法制备棉纤维基活性炭。以碘吸附值和得率为指标，采用Plackett-Burman（P-B）设计，进行主要影响因子的筛选，利用中心复合设计（central composite design，CCD）和响应面优化分析，确定最优制备工艺，并对该工艺条件下制备的样品进行元素含量、表面形貌、比表面积、孔结构和表面官能团的表征。结果表明：碘吸附值和得率的显著影响因子是活化温度、浸渍比和活化时间；最优工艺条件为活化温度818℃、浸渍比1、活化时间1.5h；在此工艺条件下样品碘吸附值和得率分别为1513.7mg/g和15.42%；样品含C量为93.45%，比表面积达1624.79m²/g，平均孔径为2.57nm，其表面官能团种类稀少。利用高含碳量的废旧纺织品可以制备出性能优良的活性炭，同时采用P-B/CCD法在优化制备棉纤维基活性炭的工艺中是准确可靠的。

关键词: 棉纤维, 活性炭, Plackett-Burman设计, 中心复合设计, 优化