化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 5403-5414.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-2050

• 化工过程与装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

太阳能膜蒸馏系统进展与展望

李逸航(), 戴绍铃, 于桢, 顾若男, 成少安()   

  1. 浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310027
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-12 修回日期:2021-01-05 出版日期:2021-10-10 发布日期:2021-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 成少安
  • 作者简介:李逸航(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为太阳能水蒸发。E-mail:21927098@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51778562);国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0901300)

Development and prospect of solar-driven membrane distillation system

LI Yihang(), DAI Shaoling, YU Zhen, GU Ruonan, CHENG Shao’an()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2020-10-12 Revised:2021-01-05 Online:2021-10-10 Published:2021-10-25
  • Contact: CHENG Shao’an

摘要:

海水淡化技术可有效解决现有的淡水资源短缺等问题,但受限于高成本、高能耗、低热效率等因素,传统海水淡化工艺难以进一步推广。近年来,太阳能海水淡化作为一种高效低廉的海水淡化技术正逐渐进入人们的视野,其中,太阳能膜蒸馏技术更是凭借着适用范围广、蒸发效率高、能耗低、成本低廉等诸多优点为众多学者所青睐。各国学者从宏观的系统结构到微观的光热材料等方面展开了大量的工作。但由于膜蒸馏固有的温度极化以及膜污染等问题,太阳能膜蒸馏技术仍然处于发展瓶颈中。本文按照太阳能引入膜蒸馏装置位置的不同,对现有的诸多太阳能膜蒸馏系统进行分类,并针对各类太阳能膜蒸馏系统的发展现状和技术瓶颈进行详细阐述。探讨了当前太阳能膜蒸馏技术的局限性及未来的挑战,以期为太阳能膜蒸馏系统的进一步发展及应用提供参考。

关键词: 太阳能, 蒸馏, 脱盐, 能源环境, 水资源短缺, 蒸发性能

Abstract:

Seawater desalination is becoming the main technology to solve the increasing worldwide demand for freshwater, however, traditional seawater desalination faced with several disadvantages, such as high cost, high energy consumption, and low thermal efficiency. In recent years, solar-driven seawater desalination has received widespread attention due to its high efficiency and low cost. Among plentiful desalination systems, solar-driven membrane distillation (SDMD) is mostly studied due to its wide range of applications, high evaporation efficiency, low energy consumption, and low cost. A lot of works focused on SDMD structures and photothermal materials have been carried out to improve the performance, overcome the temperature polarization, and prevent membrane fouling. This article first classifies the existing SDMD systems according to the location of the photothermal conversion occurrence and then elaborates on the development status and technical bottlenecks of various SDMD. In addition, the limitations of current solar membrane distillation technologies and future challenges are also discussed for the further development and application of SDMD systems.

Key words: solar energy, distillation, desalination, energy and environment, water shortage, evaporation performance

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