聚光光伏系统太阳能电池散热技术及发展现状

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0191

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 159-177.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0191

聚光光伏系统太阳能电池散热技术及发展现状

白浩良¹^,²(), 王晨¹^,²(), 卢静¹, 康雪²^,³()

^1.中北大学环境与安全工程学院，山西太原 030051
^2.中北大学德州产业技术研究院，山东德州 253000
^3.中北大学化学与化工学院，山西太原 030051

收稿日期:2022-02-06 修回日期:2022-09-02 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-20
通讯作者: 王晨,康雪
作者简介:白浩良（1997—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为聚光光伏散热。E-mail：bhl050513@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金(21908208);博士后第67批面上项目(2020M670659);山西省自然科学基金青年基金(201901D211224);山西省高校创新基金(2019L0575)

Solar cell heat dissipation technology and development status of concentrating photovoltaic system

BAI Haoliang¹^,²(), WANG Chen¹^,²(), LU Jing¹, KANG Xue²^,³()

^1.School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China
^2.Dezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of North University of China, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China
^3.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi, China

Received:2022-02-06 Revised:2022-09-02 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-20
Contact: WANG Chen, KANG Xue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

低碳政策下新能源的高效利用势在必行，有效利用太阳能聚光光伏技术的核心为太阳能电池，太阳能电池对温度的变化非常敏感，高温会大幅降低太阳能电池的性能及寿命，因此，太阳能电池的有效散热是限制该技术发展的瓶颈。本文首先介绍了聚光太阳能电池散热的必要性及散热难题，随后根据电池结构和热沉装置之间是否存在壁面，从间壁式冷却和直接接触式冷却两个角度回顾了近年来国内外在电池冷却技术方面的研究现状及最新进展。最后，通过各冷却技术的冷却效果和电池性能增益对比分析了各冷却方式的优缺点和未来的研究重点，为聚光光伏系统太阳能电池的有效散热提供了参考与借鉴。

关键词: 聚光光伏系统, 太阳能电池, 散热技术, 间壁式冷却, 直接接触冷却

Abstract:

Under the low-carbon policy, the efficient utilization of new energy is imperative. The core of concentrating photovoltaic technology for effective utilization of solar energy is solar cells. Solar cells are very sensitive to temperature changing. High temperature will greatly reduce the performance and service life of solar cells. Therefore, the heat dissipation of solar cells is the bottleneck restricting the development of the technology. This paper first introduces the necessity and difficulty of heat dissipation of concentrated solar cells, and then reviews the research status and latest progress of solar cells cooling technology from the perspectives of inter-wall cooling and direct-contact cooling according to whether there is a wall between solar cells and heat sink. Finally, Based on the cooling effect and solar cells performance gain of different cooling technology, the advantages, disadvantages and future research focus of cooling method are analyzed, which provides a reference for the effective heat dissipation of solar cells in concentrating photovoltaic system.

Key words: concentrating photovoltaic system, solar cell, heat dissipation technology, inter-wall cooling, direct-contact cooling

中图分类号:

白浩良, 王晨, 卢静, 康雪. 聚光光伏系统太阳能电池散热技术及发展现状[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 159-177.

BAI Haoliang, WANG Chen, LU Jing, KANG Xue. Solar cell heat dissipation technology and development status of concentrating photovoltaic system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(1): 159-177.

图/表 17

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纳米流体	聚光倍数	电池温度	电池性能增益	作者
3%Al₂O₃/H₂O	1.35倍	<45℃（降低16.5℃）	电效率提高38.5%	Elminshawy Ahmed等^[46]
0.2%（质量分数）ZnO/H₂O	—	—	电输出提高7%	Abazar Abadeh等^[49]
3%（质量分数）Fe₃O₄/H₂O	辐照度为1100W/m²	—	电效率提高4.8%	Matin Ghadiri等^[50]
1%（质量分数）SiO₂/H₂O	辐照度为1000W/m²	45℃（降低20℃）	电效率增加12.7%	Ali Najah Al-Shamani等^[53]
4%SiC/H₂O	20倍	降低8℃	电效率提高4.5%	Radwan等^[51]
0.21%（质量分数）炭黑/H₂O	—	31.2℃（降低40.4℃）	输出功率提高54%	Firoozzadeh Mohammad等^[52]
0.05%（质量分数）GNP/H₂O	平均辐照度为865W/m²	33.3℃	电效率提高16%	Amin Taheri等^[54]

纳米流体	聚光倍数	电池温度	电池性能增益	作者
3%Al₂O₃/H₂O	1.35倍	<45℃（降低16.5℃）	电效率提高38.5%	Elminshawy Ahmed等^[46]
0.2%（质量分数）ZnO/H₂O	—	—	电输出提高7%	Abazar Abadeh等^[49]
3%（质量分数）Fe₃O₄/H₂O	辐照度为1100W/m²	—	电效率提高4.8%	Matin Ghadiri等^[50]
1%（质量分数）SiO₂/H₂O	辐照度为1000W/m²	45℃（降低20℃）	电效率增加12.7%	Ali Najah Al-Shamani等^[53]
4%SiC/H₂O	20倍	降低8℃	电效率提高4.5%	Radwan等^[51]
0.21%（质量分数）炭黑/H₂O	—	31.2℃（降低40.4℃）	输出功率提高54%	Firoozzadeh Mohammad等^[52]
0.05%（质量分数）GNP/H₂O	平均辐照度为865W/m²	33.3℃	电效率提高16%	Amin Taheri等^[54]

冷却技术	聚光倍数	冷却效果			文献
冷却技术	聚光倍数	热阻	电池温度	性能增益	文献
微通道冷却	500倍	—	温升<10℃	总负载为CPV模块产生0.2%功率	Reddy等^[16]
微通道冷却	28倍	对流传热系数8235.84W/(m²·℃)	20.4℃（降低23.7℃）	电能增加5.97%	Yang等^[18]
射流冲击冷却	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	33.7℃（降低30.3℃）	系统输出功率增加47.67%	Javidan等^[31]
射流冲击冷却	1000倍	—	最大局部温度65℃ （降低1295℃）	电效率为39.57%	Abo-Zahhad等^[32]
纳米流体冷却（电池上方）	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	40℃（降低20℃）	最大输出功率降低11.55%	寿春晖等^[38]
纳米流体冷却（电池下方）	1.35倍	—	45℃（降低16.47℃）	电效率提高38.50%	Elminshawy等^[46]
纳米流体冷却	—	—	31.2℃（降低40.4℃）	输出功率提高54%	Firoozzadeh等^[52]
相变材料（PCM）冷却	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	降低6.4℃	输出功率提高19%	Sharma等^[56]
热电冷却	辐照度为940W/m²	—	65℃	输出功率提高0.5%	Benghanem等^[62]
射流冲击冷却+ 微通道冷却	20倍	—	87℃（降低21.7℃）	电效率提高1.9%	Awad等^[66]
纳米流体+微通道冷却	—	—	43℃（降低19℃）	效率提高54%	Moh等^[67]
纳米流体+PCM冷却	10倍	—	78℃（平均温度降低60%）	效率提高2.7%	Nasef等^[72]

冷却技术	聚光倍数	冷却效果			文献
冷却技术	聚光倍数	热阻	电池温度	性能增益	文献
微通道冷却	500倍	—	温升<10℃	总负载为CPV模块产生0.2%功率	Reddy等^[16]
微通道冷却	28倍	对流传热系数8235.84W/(m²·℃)	20.4℃（降低23.7℃）	电能增加5.97%	Yang等^[18]
射流冲击冷却	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	33.7℃（降低30.3℃）	系统输出功率增加47.67%	Javidan等^[31]
射流冲击冷却	1000倍	—	最大局部温度65℃ （降低1295℃）	电效率为39.57%	Abo-Zahhad等^[32]
纳米流体冷却（电池上方）	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	40℃（降低20℃）	最大输出功率降低11.55%	寿春晖等^[38]
纳米流体冷却（电池下方）	1.35倍	—	45℃（降低16.47℃）	电效率提高38.50%	Elminshawy等^[46]
纳米流体冷却	—	—	31.2℃（降低40.4℃）	输出功率提高54%	Firoozzadeh等^[52]
相变材料（PCM）冷却	辐照度为1000W/m²	—	降低6.4℃	输出功率提高19%	Sharma等^[56]
热电冷却	辐照度为940W/m²	—	65℃	输出功率提高0.5%	Benghanem等^[62]
射流冲击冷却+ 微通道冷却	20倍	—	87℃（降低21.7℃）	电效率提高1.9%	Awad等^[66]
纳米流体+微通道冷却	—	—	43℃（降低19℃）	效率提高54%	Moh等^[67]
纳米流体+PCM冷却	10倍	—	78℃（平均温度降低60%）	效率提高2.7%	Nasef等^[72]

冷却技术	聚光倍数	冷却效果			作者
冷却技术	聚光倍数	热阻	电池温度	电池性能增益	作者
直接接触液浸冷却	160.8倍 202.9倍	3.3×10^-4℃·m²/W	45℃	—	Zhu等^[108]
直接接触液浸冷却	辐照度为47.3kW/m² 68.8kW/m²	1.0×10^-4℃·m²/W	30℃ 45℃	—	Liu等^[109]
直接接触液浸冷却	10~30倍	—	25℃	效率提高8.5%~15.2%	Han等^[93]
直接接触液浸冷却	500倍	—	<80℃	转换效率提高1.0%	Xin等^[92]
直接接触相变液浸冷却	—	1.02×10^-4℃·m²/W	发光二极管结温为56.5℃	—	Wang等^[102]
直接接触相变液浸冷却	219.8~398.4倍	4.2×10^-5℃·m²/W	87.3~88.5℃	I_sc和P_max分别下降10.2%和7.3%	Kang等^[104]

聚光光伏系统太阳能电池散热技术及发展现状

Solar cell heat dissipation technology and development status of concentrating photovoltaic system

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