燃煤电厂可凝结颗粒物检测方法、排放特征及脱除技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1797

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃煤电厂排放的颗粒物分可过滤颗粒物（filterable particulate matter，FPM）和可凝结颗粒物（condensable particulate matter，CPM）。过去，人们对CPM的关注较少，但其对环境与人体具有危害。本文综述了CPM的检测方法，主要有撞击冷凝法和稀释冷凝法，开发在线及小型便携设备是CPM检测技术的发展方向。分析了燃煤电厂CPM的排放特征，CPM占燃煤电厂排放总颗粒物的比重较高，经超低排放改造后，CPM占比进一步提升，各燃煤电厂排放的CPM的组分差异较大。根据CPM的特性，未来对CPM控制技术的研究方向为冷凝、吸附、湿式电除尘等。最后基于当前CPM的研究现状，建议国家相关部门制定对燃煤电厂等固定污染源排放的CPM的检测标准并对实施超低排放改造的燃煤电厂建立源排放清单，对新建、处于环境敏感地带以及排烟带有明显“有色烟羽”现象的燃煤电厂，合理管控其CPM的排放。

关键词: 燃煤电厂, 可凝结颗粒物, 可过滤颗粒物, 排放浓度, 细颗粒污染物控制

Abstract:

Particulate matter emitted from coal-fired power plants can be divided into filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM). In the past, people paid little attention to CPM, but it is harmful to the environment and human body. In this paper, the detection methods of CPM were reviewed. The main methods are impingement condensation and dilution condensation. The development of on-line and small portable equipment is the development direction of CPM detection technology. The emission characteristics of CPM from coal-fired power plants were analyzed. CPM accounted for a high proportion of total particulate matter emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the proportion of CPM was further increased after ultra-low emission transformation, the composition of CPM emissions from coal-fired power plants varied greatly. According to the characteristics of CPM, the future research directions of CPM control technology are condensation, adsorption, wet electrostatic precipitation technology and so on. Finally, based on the current research status of CPM, it is suggested that the relevant departments of the state should formulate the detection standards of CPM emitted from fixed pollution sources such as coal-fired power plants, establish source emission inventory for coal-fired power plants with ultra-low emission transformation, and reasonably control the CPM emissions of newly built coal-fired power plants, those located in environmentally sensitive areas, and those with obvious colored plume.

Key words: coal-fired power plants, condensable particulate matter, filterable particulate matter, emission concentration, fine particulate pollutant control

中图分类号:

TM621

于洋, 周欣, 程俊峰, 董长青, 王玉山, 刘英华. 燃煤电厂可凝结颗粒物检测方法、排放特征及脱除技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(8): 4515-4524.

YU Yang, ZHOU Xin, CHENG Junfeng, DONG Changqing, WANG Yushan, LIU Yinghua. Research progress in detection methods, emission natures and removal technologies of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired power plants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(8): 4515-4524.

图/表 5

图1 EPA方法202[14]

图2 新EPA方法202[24]

图3 EPA CTM-039[25]

图4 裴冰团队检测CPM方法[27]

图5 李军状团队检测CPM方法[29]

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