含油废水处理工艺研究进展及展望

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0452

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 451-462.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0452

含油废水处理工艺研究进展及展望

王长青¹^,²(), 张西华¹(), 宁朋歌²(), 苑文仪¹, 白建峰¹, 王景伟¹

^1.上海第二工业大学电子废弃物研究中心，资源循环科学与工程中心，上海电子废弃物资源化协同创新中心，上海 201209
^2.中国科学院过程工程研究所环境技术与工程研究部，绿色过程与工程重点实验室，北京市过程;污染控制工程技术研究中心，北京 100190

收稿日期:2020-03-24 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2021-01-12
通讯作者: 张西华,宁朋歌
作者简介:王长青（1995—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为萃取分离技术。E-mail：527224943@qq.com。
基金资助:
上海第二工业大学研究生项目基金(EGD19YJ0016);中科院STS资助项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-081);上海市高原学科-环境科学与工程（资源循环科学与工程）资助项目;上海高校知识服务平台项目(ZF1224)

Research advances and perspective on treatment processes for oily wastewater

Changqing WANG¹^,²(), Xihua ZHANG¹(), Pengge NING²(), Wenyi YUAN¹, Jianfeng BAI¹, Jingwei WANG¹

^1.WEEE Research Center, Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai 201209, China
^2.Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2020-03-24 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2021-01-12
Contact: Xihua ZHANG,Pengge NING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

许多工业过程中产生含油废水，如石油提炼、石化、食品、皮革和金属加工等，一直是工业污染防控的重点和难点。随着工业生产技术的不断发展，含油废水中特征污染物种类和排放量亦持续增加，对工业废水中油分的深度处理及回收提出了挑战。由于含油废水中有机物种类繁多、环境各异、内部反应复杂，不仅影响多级工艺的生产效率，而且存在一定的环境风险。因此，工业含油废水的高效深度处理及回收是工业污染防控的必然要求，对工业生产的可持续发展具有重要的推动作用。鉴于此，本文在系统解析工业含油废水特点的基础上，分别从单独工艺和组合工艺的视角综述了近年来国内外处理乳化油和溶解油的最新研究进展，重点分析了基于树脂吸附除油技术的原理特性、除油潜力、应用效益及其相较于其他除油技术的优势，最后对树脂除油技术的发展前景进行展望。

关键词: 含油废水, 有机化合物, 溶解, 乳化, 吸附, 树脂

Abstract:

Oily wastewater is generated in many industrial processes, such as petroleum refining, petrochemicals, food, leather and metal processing, and has always been the focus of industrial pollution control. With the continuous development of industrial production technology, the types of characteristic pollutants in oil-containing wastewater and their discharges have also continued to increase, posing challenges to the deep removal and recovery of oil from industrial wastewater. Due to the variety of organic matters in the oily wastewater, the different environments, and the complex internal reactions, it not only affects the production efficiency of the multi-stage process, but also has an environmental risk. Therefore, the efficient and advanced treatment and utilization of industrial oily wastewater is an inevitable requirement for industrial pollution control, and has an important role in promoting the sustainable development of industrial production. In view of this, on the basis of systematic analysis of the characteristics of industrial oily wastewater, this article reviews the latest research progress at home and abroad on the treatment of emulsified oil and dissolved oil from the perspective of separate processes and combined processes, and focuses on principle and characteristics, degreasing potential, application benefits and its advantages compared with the other degreasing technologies. Finally, the perspective for resin degreasing technologies is presented.

Key words: oily wastewater, organic compounds, dissolution, emulsification, adsorption, resin

中图分类号:

X703.1

王长青, 张西华, 宁朋歌, 苑文仪, 白建峰, 王景伟. 含油废水处理工艺研究进展及展望[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 451-462.

Changqing WANG, Xihua ZHANG, Pengge NING, Wenyi YUAN, Jianfeng BAI, Jingwei WANG. Research advances and perspective on treatment processes for oily wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 451-462.

图/表 8

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工艺类型	主要单元	废水主要来源	主要污染物
蒸馏	常压、蒸馏真空、蒸馏	脱盐废水、蒸馏塔顶油水、分离排水、机泵冷却水	石油、硫化物、氨、挥发性酚、氯化物、硫醇、悬浮物
裂化	催化裂化、加氢裂化	分馏塔顶油水、分离排水、富气洗水、汽油洗水、液态碳氢化合物截水、回流罐截水	石油、硫化物、挥发性苯酚、氰化物、氨气、硫醇
催化	烷基异构化	回流罐截水、设备总排水	废碱液、石油、硫化物、硫醇、氨、挥发性酚
精制	加氢精制	分馏塔顶回流罐切削水、低压分离排水、汽油洗水、机泵冷却水	氨、硫化物、挥发性酚、石油

工艺类型	主要单元	废水主要来源	主要污染物
蒸馏	常压、蒸馏真空、蒸馏	脱盐废水、蒸馏塔顶油水、分离排水、机泵冷却水	石油、硫化物、氨、挥发性酚、氯化物、硫醇、悬浮物
裂化	催化裂化、加氢裂化	分馏塔顶油水、分离排水、富气洗水、汽油洗水、液态碳氢化合物截水、回流罐截水	石油、硫化物、挥发性苯酚、氰化物、氨气、硫醇
催化	烷基异构化	回流罐截水、设备总排水	废碱液、石油、硫化物、硫醇、氨、挥发性酚
精制	加氢精制	分馏塔顶回流罐切削水、低压分离排水、汽油洗水、机泵冷却水	氨、硫化物、挥发性酚、石油

乳剂	破乳率/%
乳剂	球形角球菌	溶脂曲霉（a）	溶脂曲霉（b）	吉利蒙德氏菌	洋葱头孢	芽孢杆菌	铜绿假单胞菌
W/O	90.0±0.9	38.2±0.9	44.0±0.9	30.0±0.9	30.0±0.9	37.0±0.9	35.0±0.9
O/W	94.7±0.4	35.7±0.4	45.2±0.9	32.0±0.9	33.4±0.8	41.0±0.9	38.2±0.5

乳剂	破乳率/%
乳剂	球形角球菌	溶脂曲霉（a）	溶脂曲霉（b）	吉利蒙德氏菌	洋葱头孢	芽孢杆菌	铜绿假单胞菌
W/O	90.0±0.9	38.2±0.9	44.0±0.9	30.0±0.9	30.0±0.9	37.0±0.9	35.0±0.9
O/W	94.7±0.4	35.7±0.4	45.2±0.9	32.0±0.9	33.4±0.8	41.0±0.9	38.2±0.5

工艺	降解产品清单
焦化废水	苯酚；苯胺；2-甲基苯酚；3-甲基苯酚；2,4-二甲基苯酚；3,5-二甲基苯酚；3,4-二甲基苯酚；2,3-二氢苯和呋喃；喹啉；蒽；1（2H）-异喹啉
混凝	苯酚；苯胺；2-甲基苯酚；3-甲基苯酚；2,4-二甲基苯酚；3,5-二甲基苯酚；3,4-二甲基苯酚；2,3-二氢苯呋喃；喹啉；蒽；1（2H）-异喹啉
混凝+O₃催化氧化	苯酚；5-甲基糠醛；2-甲基苯基肼；4,5-二甲基-2-羟基嘧啶；乙酸松香；2,3,4,5-四甲基-2-环戊烯酮；2-甲基苯酚；4,5,6-三甲基-2-嘧啶酮；苯并呋喃；喹啉；4-溴-3-甲基苯酚；2,3-二氢吲哚-4-醇-2-酮；N-苯基甲酰胺

含油废水处理工艺研究进展及展望

Research advances and perspective on treatment processes for oily wastewater

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