聚天冬氨酸水凝胶的研究与应用进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚天冬氨酸（PASP）水凝胶由于其良好的生物相容性、生物降解性及吸水、保水性引起了众多科研工作者的关注。本文首先综述了PASP水凝胶的合成方法，并对比了各自的优势和不足。在此基础上，介绍了本文作者课题组开发的水相均相交联工艺，此工艺具有污染小、成本低的优势，并初步实现了工业化生产，产品的吸水倍率可达300~1000g/g。此外，本文还综述了PASP水凝胶的共混/共聚改性及其在农业及生态修复、环境保护的应用，并着重介绍了PASP的结构可设计性及其在生物医学领域的相关应用研究。其中，本文作者课题组针对PASP水凝胶的吸水保水特性，持续开展了其作为农林保水剂的研究，并得到了良好的试验结果，为大规模应用提供了有益的参考。最后针对PASP性能、合成工艺和应用领域的关联性，归纳了PASP水凝胶亟待解决的问题。本文的阐述将为PASP水凝胶的合成、应用和推广等研究工作提供指导和参考。

关键词: 聚天冬氨酸, 水凝胶, 制备, 应用

Abstract:

Polyaspartic acid (PASP) hydrogel has attracted the attention of many researchers due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, water absorption and retention. In this paper, the synthesis methods of PASP hydrogels were reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared. On this basis, the water phase homogeneous cross-linking process developed by our group was introduced, which has the advantages of low pollution and low cost, and initially industrial production was realized. The water absorption ratio of the product can reach 300―1000g/g. In addition, the blending/copolymerization modification of PASP hydrogel and its application in agriculture, ecological restoration and environmental protection were reviewed. The structural designability of PASP and its related research in biomedical field were highlighted. Among them, our group continued to carry out its research as a water-retaining agent, and obtained good experimental results, which provided a useful reference for large-scale application. Finally, this paper summarizes the problems that need to be solved in PASP hydrogels for the correlation of PASP performance, synthesis process and application fields. The elaboration of this paper will provide guidance and reference for the research, synthesis and application of PASP hydrogel.

Key words: polyaspartic acid, hydrogel, preparation, application

中图分类号:

TQ 322.4

赵俭波, 魏军, 曹辉, 谭天伟. 聚天冬氨酸水凝胶的研究与应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(07): 3355-3364.

Jianbo ZHAO, Jun WEI, Hui CAO, Tianwei TAN. The research and application progress of PASP hydrogel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(07): 3355-3364.

图/表 8

参考文献 59

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合成方法	合成过程	优势	不足之处
高能辐射交联
γ射线辐射交联	先由 PSI 水解得到线状 PSAP；再将线状 PSAP 溶解到水中，用γ射线辐射交联而最终得到交联 PSAP	纯度高，吸水倍率高	不易大规模生产，且成本高、易产生放射性污染
紫外光辐射交联	以GMA、AMA或丙烯酰氯对PHEA或PSI接枝制备带双键衍生物，并暴露于紫外线光源处制得水凝胶	无需加热，反应速度快	需引入光敏基团，工艺复杂，且聚合过程中δ键易断裂
互补基团化学交联
PSI出发
先交联再水解	先在有机相中以二氨化合物为交联剂使 PSI 交联；再使交联 PSI 在碱性水溶液中水解得到交联 PSAP	均相反应，交联度高	交联过程中使用了有机溶剂如 DMF、DMSO 等，容易产生环境问题
交联水解同时进行	在碱性水溶液中，并有交联剂存在下，将 PSI 一步交联、水解，得到水凝胶	工艺过程步骤少，不使用有机溶剂，环境污染小，成本较低	反应均一性较差，交联程度较低
先水解再交联	先在碱性条件下将PSI水解得线状PASP；再用环氧类交联剂交联得PASP水凝胶	均一性好，产物交联度高，不使用有机溶剂，工艺简单，成本较低	主链上酰胺键易断裂，脆性较大
PASP衍生物出发	先采用羟基、氨基、巯基、烷氧基等活性基团对PSI改性开环制备PASP衍生物，再利用各种交联剂与PASP衍生物活性官能团反应制备水凝胶	可制备具有特殊结构或用途的凝胶	工艺复杂，不易大规模生产，成本高

合成方法	合成过程	优势	不足之处
高能辐射交联
γ射线辐射交联	先由 PSI 水解得到线状 PSAP；再将线状 PSAP 溶解到水中，用γ射线辐射交联而最终得到交联 PSAP	纯度高，吸水倍率高	不易大规模生产，且成本高、易产生放射性污染
紫外光辐射交联	以GMA、AMA或丙烯酰氯对PHEA或PSI接枝制备带双键衍生物，并暴露于紫外线光源处制得水凝胶	无需加热，反应速度快	需引入光敏基团，工艺复杂，且聚合过程中δ键易断裂
互补基团化学交联
PSI出发
先交联再水解	先在有机相中以二氨化合物为交联剂使 PSI 交联；再使交联 PSI 在碱性水溶液中水解得到交联 PSAP	均相反应，交联度高	交联过程中使用了有机溶剂如 DMF、DMSO 等，容易产生环境问题
交联水解同时进行	在碱性水溶液中，并有交联剂存在下，将 PSI 一步交联、水解，得到水凝胶	工艺过程步骤少，不使用有机溶剂，环境污染小，成本较低	反应均一性较差，交联程度较低
先水解再交联	先在碱性条件下将PSI水解得线状PASP；再用环氧类交联剂交联得PASP水凝胶	均一性好，产物交联度高，不使用有机溶剂，工艺简单，成本较低	主链上酰胺键易断裂，脆性较大
PASP衍生物出发	先采用羟基、氨基、巯基、烷氧基等活性基团对PSI改性开环制备PASP衍生物，再利用各种交联剂与PASP衍生物活性官能团反应制备水凝胶	可制备具有特殊结构或用途的凝胶	工艺复杂，不易大规模生产，成本高

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