微藻处理工业排放硝酸废水技术研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水处理是环境保护与绿色化工生产的重要方面，其中含硝酸废水的处理已经成为工业水处理领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍了生物反硝化法、化学还原法与中和法等对含硝酸废水进行脱硝处理的方法，针对这些方法成本高、形成二次污染和氮元素资源化利用程度低等问题，指出目前仍然缺乏对高含量硝酸废水进行处理的理想技术。随后重点介绍了使用微藻对废水中的硝酸进行脱除的理论基础与技术路线，并对藻种、硝酸废水特征与处理工艺等因素的影响进行了阐述。根据对微藻处理方法进行的初步技术经济性分析，提出了废水处理与微藻生物产品生产相结合这一环保新模式，为降低环保装置的运行成本提供了新的思路。指出微藻应用于废水处理是一种非常有前景的工业废水处理技术，需要进一步加以研究和完善，从而在破解环境保护与经济发展的矛盾中发挥更为重要的作用。

关键词: 微藻, 废水, 硝酸, 反应器, 生物质

Abstract:

Water treatment technology is one of the main aspects of environment protection and green chemical industry. The removal of nitric acid pollutants in waste water has already been the focus on industrial water treatment research. In this paper, the current treatment technologies of nitric acid-containing waste water, including biological denitrification, chemical reduction and neutralization, were briefly introduced. The drawbacks of these methods, such as high cost, secondary pollution and low level of nitrogen resource reuse, were revealed, leading to the point of view that there was still a lack of perfect treatment technology for nitrate polluted water. Subsequently, the fundamental mechanism and technical routine of removal of nitrate in waste water by microalgae were emphasized, and the influence of microalgae strains, characteristics of industrial effluent and treatment procedure were demonstrated. After a preliminary technical-economical analysis on microalgae treatment, it was proposed that further decrease of the operating cost of environment-protecting installation could be achieved by a novel combination of sewage treatment and the production of microalgae-originating products. With further improvement, the microalgae treatment, a promising waste water treatment technology, would play a more and more significant role in solving the conflict between environment protection and economic development.

Key words: microalgae, waste water, nitrate, reactor, biomass

中图分类号:

X703.1

李煦, 荣峻峰, 朱俊英, 宗保宁. 微藻处理工业排放硝酸废水技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(01): 682-691.

Xu LI, Junfeng RONG, Junying ZHU, Baoning ZONG. Research progress on microalgae treatment of nitrate-containing industrial waste water[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(01): 682-691.

图/表 1

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微藻培养方式	反应器形式	能量来源	碳源	细胞密度	设备成本	运行成本	微藻采收成本	占地面积	微藻生长速率	限制因素	受污染影响
自养	开放池	自然光照	CO₂	低	低	低	高	大	低	光	较大
自养	光生物反应器	人工光照	CO₂	较低	中等	较低	较高	较大	较低	光	小
异养	发酵设备	有机物	有机物	高	高	较高	低	小	高	氧气	大
兼养	光照发酵设备	有机物+人工光照	有机物+ CO₂	高	高	高	低	小	高	氧气	大

微藻培养方式	反应器形式	能量来源	碳源	细胞密度	设备成本	运行成本	微藻采收成本	占地面积	微藻生长速率	限制因素	受污染影响
自养	开放池	自然光照	CO₂	低	低	低	高	大	低	光	较大
自养	光生物反应器	人工光照	CO₂	较低	中等	较低	较高	较大	较低	光	小
异养	发酵设备	有机物	有机物	高	高	较高	低	小	高	氧气	大
兼养	光照发酵设备	有机物+人工光照	有机物+ CO₂	高	高	高	低	小	高	氧气	大

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