智能水凝胶在生物载药领域的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.s1.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 智能水凝胶是一类具有三维网络结构、膨胀性好、吸水性强、易保水、超仿生等特点的新型功能高分子材料。由于其合成过程中加入了具有特殊结构、基团的单体或者大分子原料,如聚丙烯酰胺(PNIPA)类大分子、酸/碱基团(如羧基和氨基)、丙烯酸、聚氨类、偶氮苯(As)、聚电解质(高分子链上有可以离子化的基团)等,因此智能水凝胶是能够根据环境的温度、酸度、电场、磁场等变化做出有规律的结构和体积调整,或者导致凝胶组成发生变化的新型智能生物化学水凝胶材料,具有较高的智能性和响应性。本文根据水凝胶对外界环境的刺激不同表现出不同的响应情况,将凝胶分为:温度敏感性水凝胶、pH敏感性水凝胶、光敏感性水凝胶、压力敏感性水凝胶、电场敏感性水凝胶等。近年来,随着人们对医用水凝胶和药物缓释研究的深入,具有环境敏感性和较好生物相容性的智能水凝胶成为临床上药物控释材料的首选。

关键词: 水凝胶, 智能, 响应, 敏感, 控释

Abstract: Intelligent hydrogel is a kind of new functional polymer material with three dimensional network structure, and it has the advantages of water absorption, good swelling property, water retention and bionic performance.Since in the process of synthesis, monomers or macromolecular materials with special structure and group were added, such as PNIPA, -COOH, -NH₂, AAM, As, polyelectrolyte, the intelligent hydrogel can make a regular structure change, adjust its volume, or alter its composition according to the environment change, such as temperature, acidity, electric and magnetic field.They are smart and responsive.Different hydrogel shows specific responses to various stimuli of the external environment.According to this, intelligent hydrogel can be divided into several species, such as temperature sensitive hydrogel, pH sensitive hydrogel, light sensitive hydrogel, pressure sensitive hydrogel, electric sensitive hydrogel.In recent years, with the further study of drug sustained release and medical hydrogel, intelligent hydrogel with good environmental sensitivity and super biocompatibility has become the best choice for drug controlled release material.

Key words: hydrogels, intelligent, response, sensitive, controlled release

中图分类号:

潘玉妹, 徐坚, 陈强, 吴石山. 智能水凝胶在生物载药领域的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(S1): 202-208.

PAN Yumei, XU Jian, CHEN Qiang, WU Shishan. Research progress of intelligent hydrogels in biological drug carrying[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2016, 35(S1): 202-208.

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