关键词: 竹材, 木质纤维原料, 乙醇, 预处理技术

Abstract: Due to the need for environmentally sustainable energy sources，lignocellulosic biomass is considered as raw material in the production of bioethanol used as liquid fuel. Bamboo，with cellulose and hemicellulose as its main components，is a kind of fast growth and cheap renewable resource for bioethanol production. At present，three critical steps are mainly focused on in the research on bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass，which are pretreatment，enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. And the efficiency and the energy cost of the pretreatment technology are crucial limitations to bioethanol production. Based on the review of key techniques for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass，especially pretreatment for bamboo，the chemical composition and the structure of bamboo，advantages and disadvantages of various physical，chemical and biological pretreatments，along with the latest pretreatment methods，were analyzed. The power requirement of mechanical comminuting pretreatment is relatively high depending on the final particle size and the biomass characteristics. Though steam explosion pretreatment has gained great interest，its main problem is the lack of industrial scale equipment. Chemical pretreatment easily leads to environment pollution. The main drawbacks of biological method are its long pretreating cycle and low hydrolysis rate obtained in most biological materials compared to other technologies. The use of ionic liquids as solvents for the pretreatment of lingocellulosic biomass has recently indicated efficient effect. Therefore，further research is needed to improve the economics of ionic liquids pretreatment before they can be applied at industrial scale. A very balanced and intelligent combination of pretreatment process has to be selected to maximize the efficiency of bioethanol production. And we believed that with the unceasing research work，the bioethanol production from bamboo will be competitive economically and environmental friendly in the future.

Key words: bamboo, lignocellulose, bioethanol, pretreatment