铜冶炼渣资源化利用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016-2366

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 火法冶炼废弃渣大量露天堆存，存在铜、铁等有价金属资源未能回收利用和重金属污染土壤及水体等环境问题。本文综述了铜火法冶炼过程中产生的典型废弃渣的物相特征，以及渣中铜、铁等有价金属回收利用的研究现状。分析和讨论了选矿分离、湿法提取、火法贫化、高温氧化、高温还原等工艺处理铜冶炼废渣、回收利用铜和铁的优势及存在的缺陷，展望研究趋势。分析表明：缓冷-浮选、湿法提取都能有效回收利用高品位的冶炼铜渣，湿法酸浸中的加压浸出能抑制铁的浸出而具有应用优势；矿相资源化重构是有效利用低含量铜渣中铜和铁资源的有效方法；在熔融态炉渣中加入氧化钙改性重构后缓冷，再进行浮选和磁选，既能回收炉渣中的铜和铁，且浮选尾渣可以直接用于建材行业，更具备应用前景。

关键词: 废物处理, 反应工程, 回收, 冶炼渣

Abstract: Large quantities of slag dumped in the open are contributing to the absence of recovery and utilization of valuable metals as well as potential environmental pollution to water and soil arisen by heavy metal contamination. The mineralogical characteristics and researches on recovering valuable metals from typical copper slag produced by pyrometallurgical process were summarized in the present work. The advantage and limitation of outstanding treatment methods which are presently performed to dispose of the slag for the recovery of iron and copper contained were analyzed and discussed,such as mineral separation,hydrometallurgical extraction,pyrometallurgical impoverishment,high temperature oxidation and high temperature reduction,etc. The prospective trends were predicted. The analyzing results obtained showed that the slow cooling followed by flotation and hydrometallurgical extraction are high effective method for recycling of copper contained in the smelting slag with a high content copper. Especially the process of high pressure oxidative acid leaching has excellent application prospect as it can inhibit the leaching of iron. Mineral phase reconfiguration for utilizing resource is effective to recover copper and iron in the slag with low content of copper. The process that calcium oxide is added into the molten slag prior to modification and cooling slow followed by flotation and magnetic separation is prospective to be applied,as the reason that copper and iron contained in the slag can be effectively recycled,and that flotation tailings can be directly used in building materials industry.

Key words: waste treatment, reaction engineering, recovery, metallurgical slag

中图分类号:

TQ09

廖亚龙, 叶朝, 王祎洋, 曹磊. 铜冶炼渣资源化利用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(08): 3066-3073.

LIAO Yalong, YE Chao, WANG Yiyang, CAO Lei. Resource utilization of copper smelter slag——a state-of-the-arts review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(08): 3066-3073.

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