秸秆粉/纤维资源化利用技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0666

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

因产量丰富、种类多样、成本低廉、可再生降解，以及良好的比强度和比刚度等特性，生物质秸秆在材料领域备受关注，其资源化利用对于保护环境和实现双碳目标有积极推动作用。本文综述了秸秆粉和秸秆纤维资源化利用的技术进展，着重介绍了秸秆粉/纤维衍生产品的制备技术以及秸秆粉/纤维基复合材料的性能优化，分析了秸秆粉/纤维在生物燃料、纳米纤维素、发泡材料及环境材料等领域中的应用现状，展望了秸秆粉/纤维在化工材料领域实现高值资源化利用的发展前景，指出秸秆粉/纤维在制备衍生产品、建筑材料以及木塑复合材料等方面亟待解决的关键问题，旨在为秸秆资源化利用技术研究提供参考。

关键词: 生物质, 秸秆粉, 秸秆纤维, 复合材料, 机械性能

Abstract:

Biomass straw has attracted much attention in the field of materials due to its abundant yield, variety, low cost and renewable degradation, as well as good specific strength and specific stiffness, etc. The utilization of straw resource has positively contributed to the protection of the environment and the realization of the dual-carbon goal. This paper reviews the technological progress of straw powder and straw fiber resource utilization, especially the preparation technologies of straw powder/fiber derivatives and the performance optimization of straw powder/fiber-based composites, and analyzes the application status of straw powder/fiber in the fields of bio-fuel, nano-cellulose, foaming materials, and environmental materials, while looking forward to the development prospect of the high-value and resource utilization of straw powder/fiber in the fields of chemical materials. Additionally, the paper points out the key issues that urgently need to be addressed in the preparation of derivatives, construction materials,and wood-plastic composites using straw powder/fiber, aiming at providing insights for the research of straw resource utilization technologies.

Key words: biomass, straw powder, straw fiber, composites, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TB332

武亚丽, 张效林, 高丽敏, 黄茂财, 蔡斌, 张继兵. 秸秆粉/纤维资源化利用技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3509-3523.

WU Yali, ZHANG Xiaolin, GAO Limin, HUANG Maocai, CAI Bin, ZHANG Jibing. Technical progress in resource utilization of straw powder/fiber[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3509-3523.

图/表 12

参考文献 80

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秸秆种类	制备方式	性能优势
麦秸秆粉	化学发泡法	抗压强度和隔热性能优异，适用于保温材料^[27]
大麦秸秆纤维	微波辐射发泡	良好刚性、韧性和强度，并适用于包装领域^[28]
稻秆粉	冷冻干燥	抗压强度出色，轻质环保^[29]

秸秆种类	制备方式	性能优势
麦秸秆粉	化学发泡法	抗压强度和隔热性能优异，适用于保温材料^[27]
大麦秸秆纤维	微波辐射发泡	良好刚性、韧性和强度，并适用于包装领域^[28]
稻秆粉	冷冻干燥	抗压强度出色，轻质环保^[29]

秸秆种类	吸附种类	影响因素	吸附效果
水稻	磷类化合物	配比	吸附容量达71.94mg/g，可实现磷类化合物的高效吸附^[30]
水稻	染料和两性重金属	官能团，活性吸附位点	复合接枝AM和CA对MO、MB、Cr₂O₇^2-和Cu²⁺的吸附量分别提高133%、210%、196%和151%^[31]
小麦	有机污染物BPA	孔隙率，表面积	BPA吸附量（909.10mg/g）远超介孔生物炭，在较宽pH范围和多次吸附-解吸循环后吸附性能良好^[32]

秸秆种类	吸附种类	影响因素	吸附效果
水稻	磷类化合物	配比	吸附容量达71.94mg/g，可实现磷类化合物的高效吸附^[30]
水稻	染料和两性重金属	官能团，活性吸附位点	复合接枝AM和CA对MO、MB、Cr₂O₇^2-和Cu²⁺的吸附量分别提高133%、210%、196%和151%^[31]
小麦	有机污染物BPA	孔隙率，表面积	BPA吸附量（909.10mg/g）远超介孔生物炭，在较宽pH范围和多次吸附-解吸循环后吸附性能良好^[32]

秸秆种类	影响因素	热性能分析	文献
小麦	取向	垂直于热流方向时，热导率λ和水分渗透系数更低	[44]
小麦	密度，厚度	当密度从150kg/m³降低到60kg/m³时，λ平均下降25%，厚度对λ影响不大	[45]
水稻	湿度，取向	平行于热流方向的λ比垂直（随机）方向的λ高1.7倍；随湿度增加，λ大幅上升50%~130%	[46]
水稻	施工细节	秸秆砖与局部施工细节间潜在的热桥问题会降低热性能和增加能耗	[49]
大麦	湿度	RH从10%增加到90%时，热导率与RH呈正线性相关	[53]