钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1826

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为第三代新兴太阳能电池的代表，钙钛矿太阳能电池自诞生起就发展迅速，其小面积器件效率已经达到26.7%的高水平。本文系统性地回顾了钙钛矿太阳能电池的最新研究进展，涵盖了单结和叠层结构的最新发展，以及其产业化和空间应用潜力。首先，介绍了单结钙钛矿太阳能电池的不同带隙特性，包括常规带隙、宽带隙和窄带隙钙钛矿材料，分析了它们在光吸收和能量转换效率方面的优势与挑战。其次，探讨了钙钛矿基叠层太阳能电池的多种设计，包括钙钛矿-晶硅叠层电池和全钙钛矿叠层电池，强调了叠层结构在提高光电转换效率和拓宽应用范围方面的潜力。在产业化方面，本文分析了大面积钙钛矿太阳能模组的光伏性能和制备技术的发展，展示了这一领域的商业化进程及其面临的技术和市场挑战。同时，本文还关注了钙钛矿太阳能电池在空间应用中的前景，强调其在极端环境条件下的可靠性和效率。最后，总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池的当前成就和未来展望，提出了持续研发和技术突破对推动这一领域发展的重要性。随着技术的不断进步，钙钛矿太阳能电池有望在可再生能源领域发挥更大作用，为全球能源转型贡献力量。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 宽带隙, 窄带隙, 叠层, 产业化, 空间应用

Abstract:

As a representative of third-generation emerging solar cells, perovskite solar cells have rapidly developed since their inception, with small-area device efficiencies reaching a high level of 26.7%. This review systematically examines the latest research progress of perovskite solar cells, covering the latest developments in both single-junction and tandem structures, as well as their potential for commercialization and space applications. Firstly, the review introduces the different bandgap characteristics of single-junction perovskite solar cells, including conventional, wide, and narrow bandgap perovskite materials, analyzing their advantages and challenges in light absorption and energy conversion efficiency. Secondly, it explores various designs of perovskite-based tandem solar cells, including perovskite-silicon tandem cells and all-perovskite tandem cells, emphasizing the potential of tandem structures to enhance photovoltaic conversion efficiency and broaden application ranges. In terms of commercialization, the article analyzes the developments in photovoltaic performance and fabrication technologies of large-area perovskite solar modules, showcasing the commercialization progress in this field and the technological and market challenges it faces. Additionally, the review addresses the prospects of perovskite solar cells in space applications, highlighting their reliability and efficiency under extreme environmental conditions. Finally, the article summarizes the current achievements and future outlook of perovskite solar cells, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and technological breakthroughs to advance this field. With continuous technological progress, perovskite solar cells are expected to play a larger role in the renewable energy sector, contributing to the global energy transition.

Key words: perovskite solar cells, wide bandgap, narrow bandgap, tandem, commercialization, space applications

中图分类号:

TM914.4

李白茹, 方志敏, 王爱丽, 罗龙, 张罗正, 李绿洲, 丁建宁. 钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2598-2624.

LI Bairu, FANG Zhimin, WANG Aili, LUO Long, ZHANG Luozheng, LI Lvzhou, DING Jianning. Research progress in perovskite solar cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2598-2624.

图/表 14

图1 钙钛矿太阳能电池基本结构示意图[6]

图2 常用的缺陷钝化策略

图3 宽带隙电池的优化策略

图4 提高Sn-Pb钙矿太阳能电池效率及稳定性的策略

图4 提高Sn-Pb钙矿太阳能电池效率及稳定性的策略（续）

图5 叠层电池光谱图、电池结构示意图以及在绒面晶硅上保型制备钙钛矿薄膜的有效方法[51]

图6 全钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池

图7 OPV与PSC叠层电池的发展

图8 两端与四端钙钛矿-CIGS叠层电池的结构示意图与测试图

图9 刚性及柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池效率随面积变化

图10 提升大面积钙钛矿太阳能组件光电转换效率的策略

图11 降低组件在激光加工过程中对柔性基材的损伤策略

图12 钙钛矿薄膜沉积技术

图13 钙钛矿太阳能电池的空间应用

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