仿生表面用于雾水收集的最新研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阐述了自然生物进行集水的两个理论阶段，重点介绍了仿生材料是通过实现对仿生功能结构与表面（浸润性）的有效调控，极大提升了材料集水效率。本文主要回顾了近几年来雾水收集仿生表面的重要研究进展，讨论不同仿生策略下发展的功能材料。其中主要介绍了蜘蛛丝纺锤结结构、仙人掌锥刺、Stenocara甲虫亲/疏水表面以及猪笼草润滑表面等功能结构与表面。综述了近几年仿生功能材料研发进展，其制备过程主要从简单的功能结构/表面性质模仿，结合对水传质过程理解，最终实现对结构与表面性质（浸润性）的重新构筑。首先，基于蜘蛛丝纺锤结以及仙人掌的锥刺所设计的仿生材料是对仿生功能结构的调控，研究结果表明实现结构调控能够强化液滴的运输，增强雾水收集效率。其次，Stenocara甲虫亲/疏水表面以及猪笼草润滑表面是实现对表面浸润性的调控，强化了液滴的捕获。接着介绍了不同功能耦合形成的多元仿生材料并总结了近年来仿生材料雾水收集效率。最后，对于仿生材料的实际应用以及未来的发展前景进行展望，指出简化材料制备、提升集水效率仍是实际发展过程的瓶颈问题，并表明了仿生材料的发展方向。

关键词: 表面, 传质, 可持续性, 优化设计

Abstract:

Herein, the two theoretical stages of fog collection were described. With the controllable biomimetic structure and surface properties (wettability), developed materials can show a significant efficiency on fog collection. The important research progress of biomimetic surfaces for fog collection in recent years was reviewed and the development of functional materials following the different bio-inspired strategies was discussed. Functional structures and surfaces such as spider silk spindle knots, cactus cone spines, Stenocara beetle hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces and the smooth surface of nepenthes were mainly introduced. In an overview of the recent progress in the development of bionic functional materials, the preparation process mainly started from simple functional structure/surface properties, combined with the understanding of the water mass transfer process, and finally realized the reconfiguration of the structure and surface properties (wettability). Biomimetic materials based on spider silk spindle knots and cone spines of cacti were designed to modulate biomimetic functional structures. The results showed that achieving structural modulation enhanced droplet transport and fog collection efficiency. The modulation of surface properties (wettability) was achieved to mimic the Stenocara hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface as well as the smooth surface of nepenthes, enhancing droplet capture. The multifunctional materials formed by coupling of different functions were introduced and the efficiency of fog collection by bionic materials in recent years was summarized. Finally, an outlook on the practical application and future development prospects of bionic materials were provided, pointing out that simplifying material preparation and improving water collection efficiency were still bottlenecks in the actual development process and indicating the development direction of bionic materials.

Key words: surface, mass transfer, sustainability, optimal design

中图分类号:

TB34

李雪, 王艳君, 王玉超, 陶胜洋. 仿生表面用于雾水收集的最新研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2486-2503.

LI Xue, WANG Yanjun, WANG Yuchao, TAO Shengyang. Recent advances in bionic surfaces for fog collection[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2486-2503.

图/表 15

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序号	材料	结构	温度/℃	湿度/%	雾水收集效率	参考文献
1	亲水性重组蜘蛛蛋白	纺锤结	—	—	26.4mm³·μg^-1	[41]
2	亲水性海藻酸钙及壳聚糖	纺锤结	室温	—	4.57g·h^-1	[42]
3	亲/疏水性相间的尼龙网	纺锤结	—	—	1688mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[43]
4	复合亲水纳米纤维	纺锤结	25	—	0.83μL·s^-1·mm^-2	[45]
5	亲水性铝箔	锥形尖刺结构	25	75±5	445mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[55]
6	亲/疏水梯度性+亲水Janus铜网	锥形尖刺结构+Janus膜	—	—	7.05g·h^-1·cm^-2	[56]
7	疏水液体树脂结构	锥形尖刺结构	25	75	(109±24.5)mg·h^-1	[59]
8	疏水性滤纸	二维锥形尖刺结构	—	—	(3780±40)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[13]
9	亲水铜片	锥形尖刺结构+分级通道	25	90	560μg·s^-1	[60]
10	亲/疏水性相间铜网	亲/疏水表面	25	85~90	1707.25mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[63]
11	亲/疏水性相间乳液自组装表面	亲/疏水表面	25	80	3.402L ·h^-1·m^-2	[69]
12	亲/疏水性相间铜板	亲/疏水表面	27±2	95±5	(110.7±5.7)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[73]
13	亲/疏水性相间聚酯织物	亲/疏水表面	—	—	1432.7mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[75]
14	超疏水三乙酸聚酯纤维薄膜	润滑表面	20	80	852mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[81]
15	超疏水铜面	润滑表面	18±2	85	0.466g·h^-1·cm^-2	[16]
16	亲水/超疏水性相间微型锥刺	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面	25	70~80	2.46g·h^-1·cm^-2	[84]
17	超疏水锥形孔洞+超亲水/超疏水Janus铝箔	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+Janus膜	—	—	11.4g·h^-1	[85]
18	疏水性锥刺+光滑泡沫桶	锥形尖刺结构+润滑表面	室温	90~95	0.8g·h^-1·cm^-2	[86]
19	亲水性锥刺+亲/疏水性相间铜线	纺锤结+锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+润滑分层微通道	—	—	2.48g·h^-1	[87]
20	亲水性相间+锥形+叶脉结构+超疏水三乙酸纤维素表面	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+润滑表面+叶脉结构	20	80	(2166±71)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[88]

序号	材料	结构	温度/℃	湿度/%	雾水收集效率	参考文献
1	亲水性重组蜘蛛蛋白	纺锤结	—	—	26.4mm³·μg^-1	[41]
2	亲水性海藻酸钙及壳聚糖	纺锤结	室温	—	4.57g·h^-1	[42]
3	亲/疏水性相间的尼龙网	纺锤结	—	—	1688mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[43]
4	复合亲水纳米纤维	纺锤结	25	—	0.83μL·s^-1·mm^-2	[45]
5	亲水性铝箔	锥形尖刺结构	25	75±5	445mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[55]
6	亲/疏水梯度性+亲水Janus铜网	锥形尖刺结构+Janus膜	—	—	7.05g·h^-1·cm^-2	[56]
7	疏水液体树脂结构	锥形尖刺结构	25	75	(109±24.5)mg·h^-1	[59]
8	疏水性滤纸	二维锥形尖刺结构	—	—	(3780±40)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[13]
9	亲水铜片	锥形尖刺结构+分级通道	25	90	560μg·s^-1	[60]
10	亲/疏水性相间铜网	亲/疏水表面	25	85~90	1707.25mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[63]
11	亲/疏水性相间乳液自组装表面	亲/疏水表面	25	80	3.402L ·h^-1·m^-2	[69]
12	亲/疏水性相间铜板	亲/疏水表面	27±2	95±5	(110.7±5.7)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[73]
13	亲/疏水性相间聚酯织物	亲/疏水表面	—	—	1432.7mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[75]
14	超疏水三乙酸聚酯纤维薄膜	润滑表面	20	80	852mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[81]
15	超疏水铜面	润滑表面	18±2	85	0.466g·h^-1·cm^-2	[16]
16	亲水/超疏水性相间微型锥刺	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面	25	70~80	2.46g·h^-1·cm^-2	[84]
17	超疏水锥形孔洞+超亲水/超疏水Janus铝箔	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+Janus膜	—	—	11.4g·h^-1	[85]
18	疏水性锥刺+光滑泡沫桶	锥形尖刺结构+润滑表面	室温	90~95	0.8g·h^-1·cm^-2	[86]
19	亲水性锥刺+亲/疏水性相间铜线	纺锤结+锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+润滑分层微通道	—	—	2.48g·h^-1	[87]
20	亲水性相间+锥形+叶脉结构+超疏水三乙酸纤维素表面	锥形尖刺结构+亲/疏水表面+润滑表面+叶脉结构	20	80	(2166±71)mg·h^-1·cm^-2	[88]

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