硅胶粒径对太阳能吸附制冷系统性能的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1803

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对以硅胶-水为工质对的太阳能吸附式制冷系统，实验研究了不同粒径的硅胶材料对吸附床传热传质特性及系统制冷能力的影响。三组对比实验的硅胶材料平均粒径分别为1mm、3mm和5mm，在太阳辐射接近的条件下完成实验测试，结果表明粒径中等的硅胶材料表现最优，其制冷系数COP和按照循环周期定义的比制冷功率SCP₂均最高。小粒径材料虽然使吸附剂填充量有所增加，但是会导致吸附床轴向传质阻力增加，影响其末端吸附能力的发挥。而材料的粒径过大，则会降低吸附床的吸附剂填充量及其传热性能，从而导致预热脱附和冷却过程的时间延长，不利于系统的制冷性能改善。实验结果表明，吸附剂粒径是影响太阳能吸附式制冷系统工作性能的一个重要因素，在系统设计中需要给予重视。

关键词: 太阳能, 吸附式制冷, 硅胶, 粒径, 传热, 传质

Abstract:

The effect of silica gel adsorbent with different particle sizes on the heat and mass transfer and the cooling capacity of the solar adsorption refrigeration system was experimentally investigated. The system adopted the silica gel-water as the work pair for refrigeration. Under close solar radiation conditions, contrast experiments were conducted in three groups of silica gel particle of 1mm, 3mm and 5mm in average diameter. The results revealed that the silica gel particle of the medium size performed the best with both the highest COP and tspecific cooling power SCP₂, which was defined by the whole cycle time. Although the small particle size increased the filling mass of the adsorbent, it also caused the increment of the mass transfer resistance along the adsorption bed axis. This increment of the mass transfer resistance frustrated the adsorbent near the bed end to fully play the role. On the other hand, the silica gel particle of the big size would deteriorate the heat transfer of the bed, leading to longer time in process of the preheat and the cooling to the bed. In general, it was demonstrated that the particulate diameter of the adsorbent material was a significant factor to impact the performance of the solar adsorption refrigeration system and should be paid full attention in engineering design.

Key words: solar energy, adsorption refrigeration, silica gel, particle size, heat transfer, mass transfer

中图分类号:

TK511⁺.3

王泽鹏, 苑中显, 王洁, 文鑫, 刘一默. 硅胶粒径对太阳能吸附制冷系统性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3545-3552.

WANG Zepeng, YUAN Zhongxian, WANG Jie, WEN Xin, LIU Yimo. Effect of particulate diameter of silica gel on performance of solar adsorption refrigeration system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3545-3552.

图/表 12

图1 太阳能吸附制冷实验装置实物照片

表1 A型细孔硅胶的主要物理性质

项目		粒径
项目	1mm	3mm	5mm
孔隙率/mL·g^-1	0.35	0.35	0.35
比表面积/m²·g^-1	700	700	700
堆积密度/g·L^-1	800	760	720

图2 三种粒径硅胶实物照片

图3 吸附床结构及温度测点位置

图4 实验系统工作原理图1—蒸发器；2—隔热水箱；3—冷凝器；4—真空泵；5—蒸发器与冷凝器压力测点；6—制冷剂管路；7—冷却水循环管路；8—冷却水泵；9—冷却水箱；10—吸附床压力测点；11—吸附床；12—抛物槽集热器；13—东西方向调节装置；14—南北方向调节装置；15—步进电机；16—装置底座

图5 吸附过程蒸发器压力与床内压力变化（大粒径工况3）

图6 吸附过程不同硅胶粒径的床温变化

图7 预热脱附过程吸附床压力变化（大粒径工况3）

图8 预热脱附过程吸附床温度变化曲线（测点2）

图9 冷却过程床内温度变化（测点3）

图10 冷却过程床内压力变化

表2 三种粒径硅胶的系统制冷性能

项目	工况1 （小粒径）	工况2 （中粒径）	工况3 （大粒径）
平均太阳直射辐射/W·m^-2	694.35	692.63	689.01
太阳总辐射量/kJ	3242.22	3296.38	4114.41
预热时间t₁/min	25	25	33.5
脱附时间t₂/min	27	28	33
冷却时间t₃/min	121	124.5	130.5
吸附时间t₄/min	50	50	50
循环周期时间/min	223	227.5	247
吸附量/g	340.3	353.6	315.2
填充量/kg	4.41	4.02	3.51
总制冷量Q_ref/kJ	833.74	866.32	772.24
SCP₁/W·kg^-1	63.02	71.83	73.34
SCP₂/W·kg^-1	14.13	15.79	14.85
COP	0.47	0.48	0.35

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