基于绿氢的化工低碳转型与研究现状

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2070

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用可再生能源电解水为合成氨、甲醇等化学品提供“绿氢”是化工低碳化转型的关键举措之一。绿氢供给的间歇性与化工系统的连续性形成矛盾，对绿氢化工的发展提出了新的挑战。过程系统工程集成了多种工具，如计算流体力学、流程模拟、优化和控制等，这些工具在传统化学工业的研究与应用中已被广泛采用。在绿氢化工领域，这些工具同样展现出其优化系统运行、提升效率和经济性的巨大潜力。当前，大量研究工作已经证实了过程系统工程方法论在应对绿氢化工的新挑战和运行特性等方面的有效性。因此，本文从过程系统工程的角度，对绿氢化工的研究进展进行梳理。本文首先概述绿氢化工的电解制氢工段的技术现状；然后梳理不同的绿氢下游工艺路线；接着从过程系统工程的角度梳理当前绿氢化工中应用的各项工具和特点；随后，梳理在人工智能发展的背景下，过程系统工程在绿氢化工中的发展和应用；最后，展望推动绿氢化工的过程系统工程技术的发展方向，提出人工智能对相关技术进步和改造的促进方向。

关键词: 绿氢化工, 过程系统工程, 低碳转型, 人工智能

Abstract:

Utilizing renewable energy for the electrolysis of water to produce "green hydrogen" for the synthesis of ammonia, methanol, and other chemical productions is a key measure in the low-carbon transformation of the chemical industry. Process Systems Engineering (PSE) comprises a range of tools, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Process Simulation, Optimization, and Control, which have been extensively utilized in the research and optimization of traditional chemical industries. These tools are equally capable of optimizing the operation, enhancing efficiency and improving economic performance in the green hydrogen chemical sector. The unique challenges and operational characteristics of green hydrogen chemistry can be addressed by applying the principles of PSE. A substantial corpus of research have validated the efficacy of PSE methodologies in tackling the novel challenges and operational traits of green hydrogen chemistry. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review of the advancements in green hydrogen chemistry from the perspective of PSE. This paper first overviews the technical status of the electrolytic hydrogen production section in green hydrogen chemistry, and then sorts out different green hydrogen downstream process routes, followed by sorting out the various tools applied in green hydrogen chemistry and their characteristics from the perspective of process system engineering. Subsequently, it sorts out the development and application of process system engineering in green hydrogen chemistry against the backdrop of artificial intelligence development. Finally, it looks forward to the development direction of process system engineering technology promoting green hydrogen chemistry and proposes the direction of promotion for the progress and transformation of related technologies by artificial intelligence.

Key words: green hydrogen chemical industry, process system engineering(PSE), low carbon transformation, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence

中图分类号:

TK91

杨森, 薛姿杰, 王彧斐, 赵亮, 徐春明. 基于绿氢的化工低碳转型与研究现状[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3288-3304.

YANG Sen, XUE Zijie, WANG Yufei, ZHAO Liang, XU Chunming. Low carbon transformation and research status of chemical industry based on green hydrogen[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3288-3304.

图/表 9

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原料路线	原料消耗	碳排放（tCO₂/tNH₃）
煤	(1.4~1.5t原料煤)+(1.1~1.2t动力煤)	3.0~3.2
天然气	1050~1150m³	1.6~1.8
绿氢	10000~10560kWh	<0.1

原料路线	原料消耗	碳排放（tCO₂/tNH₃）
煤	(1.4~1.5t原料煤)+(1.1~1.2t动力煤)	3.0~3.2
天然气	1050~1150m³	1.6~1.8
绿氢	10000~10560kWh	<0.1

原料路线	原料消耗	碳排放（tCO₂/tCH₃OH）
煤	1.57t原料煤	2.75
天然气	1050m³	0.89
绿氢	2146m³	-1.38

原料路线	原料消耗	碳排放（tCO₂/tCH₃OH）
煤	1.57t原料煤	2.75
天然气	1050m³	0.89
绿氢	2146m³	-1.38