管内扭带强化传热技术：涡流结构调控的进展与挑战

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1770

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

扭带作为管内涡流强化传热的核心元件之一，因其构型简单、易于工程实施而受到重要关注。然而，扭带的结构设计普遍采用试差法，导致管内流动结构始终偏离基于传热优化理论的理想纵向涡流场。本文阐述了扭带结构的研究进展，并指出涡流结构的精细调控是平衡强化传热效果与流动阻力的关键。进一步讨论了基于扭带的构型复合、颗粒流复合和外场复合强化传热管内流体力学特性，认为涡旋流、振荡流和二次流行为的深度耦合是实现涡流场精细调控的切入点，这可以有效兼顾管壁附近流体和中心区域流体的扰动换热。随后，针对扭带在烃类热解反应过程强化这一典型工业应用，指出在该工艺的高热流密度、短停留时间、易结焦等极端恶劣的工况条件下，刚性旋流内置二次纵向涡旋的衰减涡流结构是适应该特殊换热体系的理想流场。因此，如何处理好管壁附近刚性旋流与中心区域二次涡旋之间的竞争-协同关系，成为了高效、低阻、可靠扭带强化传热技术发展过程中亟待解决的新问题。

关键词: 扭带, 强化传热, 涡流场, 二次涡旋, 烃类热解

Abstract:

Twisted tapes, as one of the core inserts for enhancing convective heat transfer within pipes, has attracted significant attention due to their simple configuration and ease of engineering implementation. However, the structural design of twisted tapes typically relies on a trial-error method, leading to a persistent deviation from the ideal longitudinal vortex field based on heat transfer optimization theory. This article reviewed the research progress of twisted tape structures and highlighted that the fine regulation of vortex structures was key to balancing the enhancement of heat transfer performance and flow resistance. It further discussed the hydrodynamic characteristics of heat exchangers that were enhanced by the compound techniques involving the combination of twisted tape with vortex generators or shaped tubes, granular flow and external field. It suggested that the deep coupling of vortex flow, oscillating flow, and secondary flow was critical for achieving fine control of the vortex field, which could effectively take into account the disturbance in heat transfer near the pipe wall and in the central region. Subsequently, in the context of typical industrial applications, such as the use of short-length twisted tape in the enhancement of hydrocarbon pyrolysis reaction processes, it was pointed out that under the extreme harsh conditions characterized by high heat flux, short residence time, and easy coking, the decaying vortex structure with rigid swirling flow and induced secondary longitudinal vortices was the ideal flow field for adapting to this special heat exchange system. Therefore, how to properly handle the competitive and synergistic relationship between the rigid swirling flow near the pipe wall and the secondary vortices in the central region has emerged as a new challenge that needs to be urgently resolved in the development of efficient, low-resistance, and reliable twisted tape-enhanced heat transfer technology.

Key words: twisted tape, heat transfer enhancement, swirling flow, secondary vortex, hydrocarbon pyrolysis

中图分类号:

张春华, 王国清, 张利军, 鲁波娜, 周丛, 刘俊杰. 管内扭带强化传热技术：涡流结构调控的进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3163-3174.

ZHANG Chunhua, WANG Guoqing, ZHANG Lijun, LU Bona, ZHOU Cong, LIU Junjie. Twisted-tape-based heat transfer enhancement technology: Advances and challenges in vortex structure regulation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3163-3174.

图/表 9

参考文献 79

[1]	ZHENG Nianben, YAN Fang, ZHANG Kang, et al. A review on single-phase convective heat transfer enhancement based on multi-longitudinal vortices in heat exchanger tubes[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 164: 114475.
[2]	JI Wentao, JACOBI Anthony M, HE Yaling, et al. Summary and evaluation on the heat transfer enhancement techniques of gas laminar and turbulent pipe flow[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 111: 467-483.
[3]	MOUSA Mohamed H, MILJKOVIC Nenad, NAWAZ Kashif. Review of heat transfer enhancement techniques for single phase flows[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 137: 110566.
[4]	林清宇, 王祝, 冯振飞, 等. 扭带结构影响管内传热与熵产的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5709-5721.
	LIN Qingyu, WANG Zhu, FENG Zhenfei, et al. Review progress on twisted tape structure for heat transfer and entropy generation in tube[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 5709-5721.
[5]	CONG Tenglong, WANG Bicheng, GU Hanyang. Numerical analysis on heat transfer enhancement of sCO₂ in the tube with twisted tape[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2022, 397: 111940.
[6]	WHITHAM Jay M. The effect of retarders in fire tubes of steam boilers[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1896, 17: 450-460.
[7]	ROYDS R. Heat transmission by radiation, conduction and convection[M]. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1921.
[8]	KREITH Frank, MARGOLIS David. Heat transfer and friction in turbulent vortex flow[J]. Applied Scientific Research, Section A, 1959, 8(1): 457-473.
[9]	ABOLARIN S M, EVERTS M, MEYER J P. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of alternating clockwise and counter clockwise twisted tape inserts in the transitional flow regime[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 133: 203-217.
[10]	CHANG Shyy Woei, HUANG Bo Jyun. Thermal performances of tubular flows enhanced by ribbed spiky twist tapes with and without edge notches[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 73: 645-663.
[11]	EIAMSA-ARD S, WONGCHAREE K, EIAMSA-ARD P, et al. Thermohydraulic investigation of turbulent flow through a round tube equipped with twisted tapes consisting of centre wings and alternate-axes[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2010, 34(8): 1151-1161.
[12]	SAHA S K, DUTTA A. Thermohydraulic study of laminar swirl flow through a circular tube fitted with twisted tapes[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001, 123(3): 417-427.
[13]	EIAMSA-ARD S, SEEMAWUTE P. Decaying swirl flow in round tubes with short-length twisted tapes[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 39(5): 649-656.
[14]	PIRIYARUNGROD N, EIAMSA-ARD S, THIANPONG C, et al. Heat transfer enhancement by tapered twisted tape inserts[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2015, 96: 62-71.
[15]	EIAMSA-ARD S, WONGCHAREE K, SRIPATTANAPIPAT S. 3-D Numerical simulation of swirling flow and convective heat transfer in a circular tube induced by means of loose-fit twisted tapes[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 36(9): 947-955.
[16]	BUCAK Hakan, Fuat YıLMAZ. The current state on the thermal performance of twisted tapes: A geometrical categorisation approach[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2020, 153: 107929.
[17]	GUO Jian, FAN Aiwu, ZHANG Xiaoyu, et al. A numerical study on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of laminar flow in a circular tube fitted with center-cleared twisted tape[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011, 50(7): 1263-1270.
[18]	HE Yan, LIU Li, LI Pengxiao, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer enhancement characteristics of tube with cross hollow twisted tape inserts[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 131: 743-749.
[19]	SINGH Sanjay Kumar, KACKER Ruchin, CHAURASIYA Prem Kumar, et al. Correlations on heat transfer rate and friction factor of a rectangular toothed v-cut twisted tape exhibiting the combined effects of primary and secondary vortex flows[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 139: 106503.
[20]	EIAMSA-ARD S, THIANPONG C, EIAMSA-ARD P. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement by counter/co-swirling flow in a tube fitted with twin twisted tapes[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2010, 34(1): 53-62.
[21]	CHOKPHOEMPHUN Suriya, PIMSARN Monsak, THIANPONG Chinaruk, et al. Thermal performance of tubular heat exchanger with multiple twisted-tape inserts[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2015, 23(5): 755-762.
[22]	LIU Xiaoya, LI Chun, CAO Xiaxin, et al. Numerical analysis on enhanced performance of new coaxial cross twisted tapes for laminar convective heat transfer[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 121: 1125-1136.
[23]	LI Shijie, QIAN Zuoqin, WANG Qiang. Optimization of thermohydraulic performance of tube heat exchanger with L twisted tape[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 145: 106842.
[24]	Smith EIAMSA-ARD, KIATKITTIPONG Kunlanan. Heat transfer enhancement by multiple twisted tape inserts and TiO₂/water nanofluid[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 70(1): 896-924.
[25]	ZHANG Shaojie, LU Lin, WANG Qiuwang. Thermal-hydraulic characteristic of short-length self-rotating twisted tapes in a circular tube[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2021, 122: 105157.
[26]	SHEIKHOLESLAMI M, ABOHAMZEH Elham, JAFARYAR M, et al. CuO nanomaterial two-phase simulation within a tube with enhanced turbulator[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 373: 1-13.
[27]	PROMVONGE Pongjet. Thermal augmentation in circular tube with twisted tape and wire coil turbulators[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49(11): 2949-2955.
[28]	PROMVONGE P, EIAMSA-ARD S. Heat transfer behaviors in a tube with combined conical-ring and twisted-tape insert[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, 34(7): 849-859.
[29]	YU Chulin, CUI Yulin, ZHANG Haiqing, et al. Comparative study on turbulent flow characteristics and heat transfer mechanism of a twisted oval tube with different twisted tapes[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2022, 174: 107455.
[30]	BHATTACHARYYA Suvanjan, SAHA Sujoy Kumar. Thermohydraulics of laminar flow through a circular tube having integral helical rib roughness and fitted with centre-cleared twisted-tape[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012, 42: 154-162.
[31]	HONG Yuxiang, DENG Xianhe, ZHANG Lianshan. 3D numerical study on compound heat transfer enhancement of converging-diverging tubes equipped with twin twisted tapes[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, 20(3): 589-601.
[32]	HONG Yuxiang, ZHAO Lei, HUANG Yongchun, et al. Turbulent thermal-hydraulic characteristics in a spiral corrugated waste heat recovery heat exchanger with perforated multiple twisted tapes[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023, 184: 108025.
[33]	刘文津, 张玉明, 李家州, 等. 典型石油热加工技术发展现状及展望[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3534-3550.
	LIU Wenjin, ZHANG Yuming, LI Jiazhou, et al. State of the art and prospect of typical petroleum thermal processing technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3534-3550.
[34]	PORGAR Sajjad, OZTOP Hakan F, SALEHFEKR Somayeh. A comprehensive review on thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids and their application in heat exchangers[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 386: 122213.
[35]	孔令菲, 陈延佩, 王维. 气固流态化中颗粒介尺度结构的动力学研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(6): 2486-2495.
	KONG Lingfei, CHEN Yanpei, WANG Wei. Dynamic study of mesoscale structures of particles in gas-solid fluidization[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(6): 2486-2495.
[36]	SHARMA K V, Syam SUNDAR L, SARMA P K. Estimation of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in the transition flow with low volume concentration of Al₂O₃ nanofluid flowing in a circular tube and with twisted tape insert[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 36(5): 503-507.
[37]	Syam SUNDAR L, SHARMA K V. Turbulent heat transfer and friction factor of Al₂O₃ Nanofluid in circular tube with twisted tape inserts[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010, 53(7/8): 1409-1416.
[38]	WONGCHAREE Khwanchit, Smith EIAMSA-ARD. Enhancement of heat transfer using CuO/water nanofluid and twisted tape with alternate axis[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011, 38(6): 742-748.
[39]	SYAM SUNDAR L, RAVI KUMAR N T, NAIK M T, et al. Effect of full length twisted tape inserts on heat transfer and friction factor enhancement with Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanofluid inside a plain tube: An experimental study[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 55(11/12): 2761-2768.
[40]	WONGCHAREE Khwanchit, Smith EIAMSA-ARD. Heat transfer enhancement by using CuO/water nanofluid in corrugated tube equipped with twisted tape[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012, 39(2): 251-257.
[41]	SURESH S, VENKITARAJ K P, SELVAKUMAR P, et al. A comparison of thermal characteristics of Al₂O₃/water and CuO/water nanofluids in transition flow through a straight circular duct fitted with helical screw tape inserts[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2012, 39: 37-44.
[42]	NAIK M T, Ranga JANARDANA G, Syam SUNDAR L. Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor with water-propylene glycol based CuO nanofluid in a tube with twisted tape inserts[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 46: 13-21.
[43]	AZMI W H, SHARMA K V, SARMA P K, et al. Comparison of convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of TiO₂ nanofluid flow in a tube with twisted tape inserts[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014, 81: 84-93.
[44]	CHOUGULE Sandesh S, SAHU S K. Heat transfer and friction characteristics of Al₂O₃/water and CNT/water nanofluids in transition flow using helical screw tape inserts—A comparative study[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2015, 88: 78-88.
[45]	EIAMSA-ARD S, KIATKITTIPONG K, JEDSADARATANACHAI W. Heat transfer enhancement of TiO₂/water nanofluid in a heat exchanger tube equipped with overlapped dual twisted-tapes[J]. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2015, 18(3): 336-350.
[46]	SYAM SUNDAR L, SOUSA Antonio C M, SINGH Manoj Kumar. Heat transfer enhancement of low volume concentration of carbon nanotube-Fe₃O₄/water hybrid nanofluids in a tube with twisted tape inserts under turbulent flow[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2015, 7(2): 021015.
[47]	SADEGHI Omidreza, MOHAMMED H A, Marjan BAKHTIARI-NEJAD, et al. Heat transfer and nanofluid flow characteristics through a circular tube fitted with helical tape inserts[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 71: 234-244.
[48]	NAKHCHI M E, ESFAHANI J A. Cu-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a heat exchanger tube equipped with cross-cut twisted tape[J]. Powder Technology, 2018, 339: 985-994.
[49]	QI Cong, WANG Guiqing, YAN Yuying, et al. Effect of rotating twisted tape on thermo-hydraulic performances of nanofluids in heat-exchanger systems[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 166: 744-757.
[50]	Suseel Jai Krishnan S, NAGARAJAN P K. Influence of stability and particle shape effects for an entropy generation based optimized selection of magnesia nanofluid for convective heat flow applications[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 489: 560-575.
[51]	DALKILIÇ Ahmet Selim, TÜRK Osman Alperen, MERCAN Hatice, et al. An experimental investigation on heat transfer characteristics of graphite-SiO₂/water hybrid nanofluid flow in horizontal tube with various quad-channel twisted tape inserts[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 107: 1-13.
[52]	BAHIRAEI Mehdi, MAZAHERI Nima, ALIEE Faegheh. Second law analysis of a hybrid nanofluid in tubes equipped with double twisted tape inserts[J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 345: 692-703.
[53]	CHAURASIA Shashank Ranjan, SARVIYA R M. Thermal performance analysis of CuO/water nanofluid flow in a pipe with single and double strip helical screw tape[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 166: 114631.
[54]	BAHIRAEI Mehdi, MAZAHERI Nima, DANESHYAR Mohammad Rasool. CFD analysis of second law characteristics for flow of a hybrid biological nanofluid under rotary motion of a twisted tape: Exergy destruction and entropy generation analyses[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 372: 351-361.
[55]	BAHIRAEI Mehdi, MAZAHERI Nima, MOAYEDI Hossein. Entropy generation and exergy destruction for flow of a biologically functionalized graphene nanoplatelets nanofluid within tube enhanced with a novel rotary coaxial cross double-twisted tape[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 113: 104546.
[56]	FARAHANI Somayeh Davoodabadi, FARAHANI Mohammad, GHANBARI Davood. Heat transfer from R134a/oil boiling flow in pipe: Internal helical fin and hybrid nanoparticles[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2021, 175: 75-84.
[57]	ALNAQI Abdulwahab A, ALSARRAF Jalal, AL-RASHED Abdullah A A A. Hydrothermal effects of using two twisted tape inserts in a parabolic trough solar collector filled with MgO-MWCNT/thermal oil hybrid nanofluid[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021, 47: 101331.
[58]	WANG Yuxing, QI Cong, DING Zi, et al. Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in built-in porous twisted tape tube[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 392: 570-586.
[59]	KHETIB Yacine, ALZAED Ali, ALAHMADI Ahmad, et al. Application of hybrid nanofluid and a twisted turbulator in a parabolic solar trough collector: Energy and exergy models[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2022, 49: 101708.
[60]	ABIDI Awatef, EL-SHAFAY A S, DEGANI Mohamed, et al. Improving the thermal-hydraulic performance of parabolic solar collectors using absorber tubes equipped with perforated twisted tape containing nanofluid[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2022, 52: 102099.
[61]	THIANPONG C, WONGCHAREE K, SAFIKHANI H, et al. Multi objective optimization of TiO₂/water nanofluid flow within a heat exchanger enhanced with loose-fit delta-wing twisted tape inserts[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2022, 172: 107318.
[62]	BALAGA Ravikiran, KOONA Ramji, TUNUGUNTLA Subrahmanyam. Heat transfer enhancement of the f-MWCNT- Fe₂O₃/Water hybrid nanofluid with the combined effect of wire coil with twisted tape and perforated twisted tape[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023, 184: 108023.
[63]	POUR RAZZAGHI Mohammad Javad, ASADOLLAHZADEH Muhammad, TAJBAKHSH Mohammad Reza, et al. Investigation of a temperature-sensitive ferrofluid to predict heat transfer and irreversibilities in LS-3 solar collector under line dipole magnetic field and a rotary twisted tape[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023, 185: 108104.
[64]	CHAURASIYA Prem Kumar, HEERAMAN Jatoth, SINGH Sanjay Kumar, et al. Exploring the combined influence of primary and secondary vortex flows on heat transfer enhancement and friction factor in a dimpled configuration twisted tape with double pipe heat exchanger using SiO₂ nano fluid[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2024, 22: 100684.
[65]	PAINULY Ayush, JOSHI Gaurav, NEGI Pankaj, et al. Experimental analysis of W/EG based Al₂O₃-MWCNT non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid by employing helical tape inserts inside a corrugated tube[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2025, 208: 109399.
[66]	MOKHTARI Mojtaba, HARIRI Saman, BARZEGAR GERDROODBARY M, et al. Effect of non-uniform magnetic field on heat transfer of swirling ferrofluid flow inside tube with twisted tapes[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2017, 117: 70-79.
[67]	MOLKI Majid, BHAMIDIPATI Kanthi Latha. Enhancement of convective heat transfer in the developing region of circular tubes using corona wind[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(19/20): 4301-4314.
[68]	ZHANG Shijie, XU Xiaoxiao, LIU Chao, et al. A review on application and heat transfer enhancement of supercritical CO₂ in low-grade heat conversion[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 269: 114962.
[69]	LI Wenguang, YU Zhibin, WANG Yi, et al. Heat transfer enhancement of twisted tape inserts in supercritical carbon dioxide flow conditions based on CFD and vortex kinematics[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2022, 31: 101285.
[70]	OKETOLA Temitayo, MWESIGYE Aggrey. Numerical investigation of the overall thermal and thermodynamic performance of a high concentration ratio parabolic trough solar collector with a novel modified twisted tape insert using supercritical CO₂ as the working fluid[J]. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2024, 51: 102592.
[71]	FAKHROLESLAM Mohammad, SADRAMELI Seyed Mojtaba. Thermal cracking of hydrocarbons for the production of light olefins: A review on optimal process design, operation, and control[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(27): 12288-12303.
[72]	FENG Song, CHENG Xiang, BI Qincheng, et al. Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer of hydrocarbon fuel in circular tubes with twisted-tape inserts[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 146: 118817.
[73]	CARRILLO Alejandro, WANG Guoqing, ZHANG Lijun, et al. Intensified heat transfer technology—CFD analysis to explain how and why IHT increases runlength in commercial furnaces[Z]. AIChE Spring Meeting and Global Congress on Process Safety. AntonioSan, Texas. 2010
[74]	王国清, 曾清泉. 乙烯裂解炉管强化传热[J]. 石油化工, 2001, 30(7): 528-530.
	WANG Guoqing, ZENG Qingquan. Intensifying radiant coil’s heat transfer of cracking furnace[J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2001, 30(7): 528-530.
[75]	王国清, 周先锋, 石莹, 等. 乙烯裂解炉辐射段技术的研究进展及工业应用[J]. 中国科学: 化学, 2014, 44(11): 1714-1722.
	WANG Guoqing, ZHOU Xianfeng, SHI Ying, et al. Research progress and industrial application of radiant section technology of ethylene cracking furnace[J]. Scientia Sinica Chimica, 2014, 44(11): 1714-1722.
[76]	FAKHROLESLAM Mohammad, SADRAMELI Seyed Mojtaba. Thermal/catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons for the production of olefins; a state-of-the-art review Ⅲ: Process modeling and simulation[J]. Fuel, 2019, 252: 553-566.
[77]	王娟, 何星晨, 李军, 等. 开口扭曲片圆管强化传热与流动阻力特性模拟[J]. 过程工程学报, 2020, 20(5): 510-520.
	WANG Juan, HE Xingchen, LI Jun, et al. Simulation of heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance characteristics of twisted slice tubes with openings[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2020, 20(5): 510-520.
[78]	WANG Guoqing, ZHANG Lijun, ZHOU Xianfeng, et al. Heat transfer tube and cracking furnace using the heat transfer tube: US20140127091[P]. 2014-05-08.
[79]	张利军. 扭曲片管强化传热技术的改进研究[J]. 石油化工设备技术, 2017, 38(4): 21-24, 5-6.
	ZHANG Lijun. Study on improvement of heat transfer enhancement technology of swirling element of radiant tube[J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment Technology, 2017, 38(4): 21-24, 5-6.

扭带构型	纳米流体			换热介质	雷诺数	性能评估	年份	文献
扭带构型	类型	粒径/nm	体积分数/%	换热介质	雷诺数	性能评估	年份	文献
常规扭带	Al₂O₃	47	0~0.1	水	3500~8500	传热系数提高36.96%~44.71% 阻力系数增加120%	2009	[36]
常规扭带	Al₂O₃	47	0~0.5	水	10000~22000	传热系数提高42.2% 阻力系数增加126.6%	2010	[37]
交替轴	CuO	30~50	0~0.7	水	830~1990	传热性能提高1380% 阻力系数增加1600%	2011	[38]
常规扭带	Fe₃O₄	36	0~0.6	水	3000~22000	传热性能提高51.88% 阻力系数增加123.1%	2012	[39]
常规扭带	CuO	30~50	0~0.7	水	6200~24000	相较于波纹管传热速率提高267% 阻力系数增加576%	2012	[40]
螺旋扭带	CuO	30	0~0.1	水	14000~33000	综合传热性能：0.94~1.22	2012	[41]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	43	0~0.1	水	14000~33000	综合传热性能：0.87~1.2	2012	[41]
常规扭带	CuO	50	0~0.5	水/丙二醇	1000~10000	传热性能提高76.06% 阻力系数增加26.57%	2013	[42]
常规扭带	TiO₂	30~50	0~1.0	水	8000~30000	传热性能提高81.1% 阻力系数增加150%	2014	[43]
异向四扭带	TiO₂	15	0~0.21	水	5400~15200	传热速率提高352% 阻力系数增加1170%	2014	[24]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	<100	0.15~1	水	2400~5600	综合传热性能：1.46	2015	[44]
螺旋扭带	CNT（碳纳米管）	20~30	0.15~1	水	2400~5600	综合传热性能：1.41	2015	[44]
同向双扭带	TiO₂	15	0~0.21	水	5400~15200	综合传热性能：1.18	2015	[45]
常规扭带	CNT-Fe₃O₄	10~30	0~0.5	水	3000~22000	传热性能提高42.5% 阻力系数增加118%	2015	[46]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	20~50	0.5~2	水	200~2000	综合传热性能：0.83	2016	[47]
螺旋扭带	SiO₂	20~50	0.5~2	水	200~2000	综合传热性能：0.8	2016	[47]
交替轴开孔扭带	Cu	100	0~1.5	水	5000~15000	传热性能提高200% 阻力系数提高446%	2018	[48]
自旋扭带	TiO₂	10	0~0.5	水	600~7000	传热性能提高101.6%	2018	[49]
常规扭带	MgO	20	0~0.6	水	5000~10000	传热性能提高136.6% 阻力系数增加187%	2019	[50]
螺旋扭带	石墨-SiO₂	7~10	0~1.0	水	3400~11000	传热性能提高31.43% 阻力系数增加300%	2019	[51]
同向双扭带	石墨烯-Pt	—	0~0.1	水	3000~20000	传热熵产降低14%	2019	[52]
螺旋扭带	CuO	22	—	水	4000~16000	传热性能提高约73% 阻力系数增加约29%	2020	[53]
自旋扭带	石墨烯	—	0~0.1	水	5000	最大熵产降低约87.38%	2020	[54]
自旋十字扭带	石墨烯	—	0~0.1	水	5000	最大熵产降低约80%	2020	[55]
螺旋扭带	SiO₂-TiO₂	30	0~0.4	油	—	传热性能提高31%~89%	2021	[56]
异向双扭带	MgO-MWCNT（多壁碳纳米管）	38	0~2	油	2500~10000	综合传热性能：1.08~1.86	2021	[57]
开孔扭带	SiO₂	30	0~5	水	7000~13000	传热性能提高55.97%~74.8%	2021	[58]
螺旋扭带	MgO-Cu	—	0~3	水	8000~32000	传热性能提高92.01%~94.70% 阻力系数增加387.11%~389.62%	2022	[59]
开孔扭带	CuO	—	0~4	水	10000~30000	综合传热性能：1.60	2022	[60]
翅片扭带	TiO₂	15	0.05~0.15	水	5000~15000	综合传热性能：1.36	2022	[61]
线圈缠绕扭带	Fe₂O₃-fMWCNT（功能化多壁碳纳米管）	25~50	0~0.03	水	4000~15000	传热性能提高43.94%~141.07% 阻力系数增加113%	2023	[62]
自旋扭带	Mn-Zn	10	6	—	10000~20000	传热性能提高305%	2023	[63]
侧面豁口扭带	SiO₂	33.75	0.05	水	6000~14000	传热性能提高87.73% 阻力系数增加637%	2024	[64]
三角状螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃-MWCNT	15~40	0~1	水/乙二醇	300~2000	综合传热性能：2.31	2025	[65]

扭带构型	纳米流体			换热介质	雷诺数	性能评估	年份	文献
扭带构型	类型	粒径/nm	体积分数/%	换热介质	雷诺数	性能评估	年份	文献
常规扭带	Al₂O₃	47	0~0.1	水	3500~8500	传热系数提高36.96%~44.71% 阻力系数增加120%	2009	[36]
常规扭带	Al₂O₃	47	0~0.5	水	10000~22000	传热系数提高42.2% 阻力系数增加126.6%	2010	[37]
交替轴	CuO	30~50	0~0.7	水	830~1990	传热性能提高1380% 阻力系数增加1600%	2011	[38]
常规扭带	Fe₃O₄	36	0~0.6	水	3000~22000	传热性能提高51.88% 阻力系数增加123.1%	2012	[39]
常规扭带	CuO	30~50	0~0.7	水	6200~24000	相较于波纹管传热速率提高267% 阻力系数增加576%	2012	[40]
螺旋扭带	CuO	30	0~0.1	水	14000~33000	综合传热性能：0.94~1.22	2012	[41]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	43	0~0.1	水	14000~33000	综合传热性能：0.87~1.2	2012	[41]
常规扭带	CuO	50	0~0.5	水/丙二醇	1000~10000	传热性能提高76.06% 阻力系数增加26.57%	2013	[42]
常规扭带	TiO₂	30~50	0~1.0	水	8000~30000	传热性能提高81.1% 阻力系数增加150%	2014	[43]
异向四扭带	TiO₂	15	0~0.21	水	5400~15200	传热速率提高352% 阻力系数增加1170%	2014	[24]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	<100	0.15~1	水	2400~5600	综合传热性能：1.46	2015	[44]
螺旋扭带	CNT（碳纳米管）	20~30	0.15~1	水	2400~5600	综合传热性能：1.41	2015	[44]
同向双扭带	TiO₂	15	0~0.21	水	5400~15200	综合传热性能：1.18	2015	[45]
常规扭带	CNT-Fe₃O₄	10~30	0~0.5	水	3000~22000	传热性能提高42.5% 阻力系数增加118%	2015	[46]
螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃	20~50	0.5~2	水	200~2000	综合传热性能：0.83	2016	[47]
螺旋扭带	SiO₂	20~50	0.5~2	水	200~2000	综合传热性能：0.8	2016	[47]
交替轴开孔扭带	Cu	100	0~1.5	水	5000~15000	传热性能提高200% 阻力系数提高446%	2018	[48]
自旋扭带	TiO₂	10	0~0.5	水	600~7000	传热性能提高101.6%	2018	[49]
常规扭带	MgO	20	0~0.6	水	5000~10000	传热性能提高136.6% 阻力系数增加187%	2019	[50]
螺旋扭带	石墨-SiO₂	7~10	0~1.0	水	3400~11000	传热性能提高31.43% 阻力系数增加300%	2019	[51]
同向双扭带	石墨烯-Pt	—	0~0.1	水	3000~20000	传热熵产降低14%	2019	[52]
螺旋扭带	CuO	22	—	水	4000~16000	传热性能提高约73% 阻力系数增加约29%	2020	[53]
自旋扭带	石墨烯	—	0~0.1	水	5000	最大熵产降低约87.38%	2020	[54]
自旋十字扭带	石墨烯	—	0~0.1	水	5000	最大熵产降低约80%	2020	[55]
螺旋扭带	SiO₂-TiO₂	30	0~0.4	油	—	传热性能提高31%~89%	2021	[56]
异向双扭带	MgO-MWCNT（多壁碳纳米管）	38	0~2	油	2500~10000	综合传热性能：1.08~1.86	2021	[57]
开孔扭带	SiO₂	30	0~5	水	7000~13000	传热性能提高55.97%~74.8%	2021	[58]
螺旋扭带	MgO-Cu	—	0~3	水	8000~32000	传热性能提高92.01%~94.70% 阻力系数增加387.11%~389.62%	2022	[59]
开孔扭带	CuO	—	0~4	水	10000~30000	综合传热性能：1.60	2022	[60]
翅片扭带	TiO₂	15	0.05~0.15	水	5000~15000	综合传热性能：1.36	2022	[61]
线圈缠绕扭带	Fe₂O₃-fMWCNT（功能化多壁碳纳米管）	25~50	0~0.03	水	4000~15000	传热性能提高43.94%~141.07% 阻力系数增加113%	2023	[62]
自旋扭带	Mn-Zn	10	6	—	10000~20000	传热性能提高305%	2023	[63]
侧面豁口扭带	SiO₂	33.75	0.05	水	6000~14000	传热性能提高87.73% 阻力系数增加637%	2024	[64]
三角状螺旋扭带	Al₂O₃-MWCNT	15~40	0~1	水/乙二醇	300~2000	综合传热性能：2.31	2025	[65]