绿氢转化制绿色甲醇与绿氨

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1731

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿色氢能有望在未来与基于可再生能源的新型电力系统并肩发展，共同助力碳中和目标的实现，它可在下游燃料、化工、炼钢、炼油等领域广泛应用，在所有的动力领域也有潜在应用前景。自2022年以来，绿色氢能在绿色甲醇、绿氨合成方面需求强劲，并有望在众多的氢能应用领域率先实现工业化。但绿色氢能究竟适用于合成甲醇还是合成氨，在技术和产业层面理解均不清晰。本文就绿氢转化制绿色甲醇和绿氨进行技术和产业层面分析，主要内容包括绿色甲醇、绿氨合成/分解技术介绍，过程及经济性的定性描述与定量分析等，试图给出一个较清晰的脉络，期盼为我国绿色氢能发展提供参考。

关键词: 绿氢转化, 绿色甲醇, 绿氨, 甲醇重整制氢, 氨分解制氢

Abstract:

Green hydrogen energy is expected to develop alongside renewable energy power systems in the future, which contributes to the achievement of carbon neutrality goals. It can be widely used in fuel, chemical, steel, oil refining and other fields, and has potential application in all power fields. Since 2022, green hydrogen has shown strong demand for green methanol and green ammonia synthesis, and is expected to lead in industrialization in different hydrogen energy applications. However, whether green hydrogen energy is used to synthesize methanol or ammonia is not clearly understood at the technical and industrial levels. In this research, the technology and industry of green hydrogen conversion to green methanol and green ammonia were analyzed. The main contents of this paper included the introduction of green methanol and green ammonia synthesis/decomposition technology, qualitative description and quantitative analysis of the process and economy. This paper tryied to give a clear skeleton and hoped to provide reference for the development of green hydrogen in China.

Key words: green hydrogen conversion, green methanol, green ammonia, methanol reforming to produce hydrogen, ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen

中图分类号:

TQ517.2

高建刚, 姜亚鹏, 包宝青, 王书琦, 崔书明. 绿氢转化制绿色甲醇与绿氨[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(4): 1987-1997.

GAO Jiangang, JIANG Yapeng, BAO Baoqing, WANG Shuqi, CUI Shuming. Green methanol and green ammonia synthesis by green hydrogen[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(4): 1987-1997.

图/表 8

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地区或组织	绿色甲醇		绿氨
地区或组织	定义	二氧化碳排放阈值	定义	二氧化碳排放阈值
欧盟	RFNBO和RCF	28.2g/MJ	基于可再生能源的电力送入电解槽生产可再生氢，进而合成的氨	28.2g/MJ
日本	—	—	原料制备、生产等全部二氧化碳排放低于一定值的氨	0.84kg/kg
国际绿氢组织	—	—	由绿氢合成的氨	0.3kg/kg
国际可再生能源署	所需原料来源必须全部符合可再生能源标准，且只有生物质循环利用及绿电制绿氢再制甲醇两种方式生产的甲醇	—	利用可再生电力生产的氢气和从空气中净化的氮气生产的氨	—
中国产学研合作促进会^[13]	可再生氢气与可再生二氧化碳催化反应合成的甲醇	0.18kg/kg	可再生氢气和空气中分离出的氮气生产的氨	0.56kg/kg

地区或组织	绿色甲醇		绿氨
地区或组织	定义	二氧化碳排放阈值	定义	二氧化碳排放阈值
欧盟	RFNBO和RCF	28.2g/MJ	基于可再生能源的电力送入电解槽生产可再生氢，进而合成的氨	28.2g/MJ
日本	—	—	原料制备、生产等全部二氧化碳排放低于一定值的氨	0.84kg/kg
国际绿氢组织	—	—	由绿氢合成的氨	0.3kg/kg
国际可再生能源署	所需原料来源必须全部符合可再生能源标准，且只有生物质循环利用及绿电制绿氢再制甲醇两种方式生产的甲醇	—	利用可再生电力生产的氢气和从空气中净化的氮气生产的氨	—
中国产学研合作促进会^[13]	可再生氢气与可再生二氧化碳催化反应合成的甲醇	0.18kg/kg	可再生氢气和空气中分离出的氮气生产的氨	0.56kg/kg

成本项目	绿色甲醇^⑤/CNY·t^-1	绿氨/CNY·t^-1
氢气^①	2870	2674
二氧化碳/氮气^②	420（140）	110
设备投资^③[3]	280	354
运行费用^④[3]	400	600
成本	3970（3690）	3784

成本项目	绿色甲醇^⑤/CNY·t^-1	绿氨/CNY·t^-1
氢气^①	2870	2674
二氧化碳/氮气^②	420（140）	110
设备投资^③[3]	280	354
运行费用^④[3]	400	600
成本	3970（3690）	3784

成本项目	绿色甲醇	绿氨	柴油
生产成本^①[24]/CNY·t^-1	3970	3784	—
运输及存储成本/CNY·t^-1	600	720	—
上船成本/CNY·t^-1	4570	4504	—
加注价格^②/CNY·t^-1	5027	4954	7000
热值/GJ·t^-1	19.7	18.6	43
能量成本/CNY·GJ^-1	255	266	163
单位热值替代燃料成本/柴油成本	1.56	1.63	1