化学外加剂对固废基胶凝材料性能及水化行为的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0327

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以煤气化渣、循环流化床粉煤灰和水泥为原料，制备了固废基复合胶凝材料。分别选取氢氧化钠（NaOH）、硫酸钠（Na₂SO₄）和碳酸钠（Na₂CO₃）作为化学外加剂，研究了单一外加剂和NaOH-Na₂SO₄复合外加剂在不同掺量下对复合胶凝材料抗压强度、流动度、凝结时间和收缩行为的影响；利用等温量热、X射线衍射（XRD）、同步热分析（TG）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析了其水化机理。结果表明：3种化学外加剂的掺杂均可缩短复合胶凝体系的凝结时间，并使体系的流动度有所降低。NaOH和Na₂CO₃的适量掺杂可显著提高复合胶凝体系的早期强度，Na₂SO₄的掺杂可明显提高体系的28d和90d强度，NaOH-Na₂SO₄复合外加剂的加入可使不同龄期的强度均有所提高。化学外加剂的掺入可缩短体系的水化诱导期，提高水化反应速率，生成更多钙矾石和C-(A)-S-H凝胶等水化产物，使得基质更为致密，进而提升力学强度。本文研究结果可为固废基复合胶凝材料的性能调控提供理论支撑。

关键词: 煤气化渣, 循环流化床粉煤灰, 复合胶凝材料, 化学外加剂, 综合性能, 水化机理

Abstract:

In this study, solid waste based composite cementitious materials were prepared using coal gasification slag, circulating fluidized bed fly ash and cement. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were selected as chemical admixtures. The effects of single admixture and the NaOH-Na₂SO₄ mixed admixture on the compressive strength, fluidity, setting time and shrinkage of composite cementitious materials were investigated. The hydration mechanism was analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultaneous thermal analysis (TG-DTG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the incorporation of all three chemical admixtures could shorten the setting time of the composite cementitious system and reduce the fluidity of the system. The moderate addition of NaOH and the Na₂CO₃ could significantly improve the early strength of the composite cementitious system, the addition of Na₂SO₄ could significantly improve the 28d and 90d strength of the system, and the addition of NaOH-Na₂SO₄ composite admixture could improve the strength of different ages.

Key words: coal gasification slag, circulating fluidized bed fly ash, composite cementitious materials, chemical activator, comprehensive performance, hydration mechanism

中图分类号:

TU501

孙雅娟, 段思宇, 张宏, 周冬冬, 路广军, 马志斌. 化学外加剂对固废基胶凝材料性能及水化行为的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1739-1748.

SUN Yajuan, DUAN Siyu, ZHANG Hong, ZHOU Dongdong, LU Guangjun, MA Zhibin. Effects of chemical admixtures on properties and hydration behaviors of solid waste based cementitious materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1739-1748.

图/表 12

参考文献 29

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原料	SiO₂/%	Al₂O₃/%	CaO/%	SO₃/%	Fe₂O₃/%	Na₂O/%	MgO/%	K₂O/%	烧失量/%
CGS	46.78	25.25	14.66	0.35	8.12	0.61	0.61	1.38	5.40
CFBFA	32.28	23.55	21.47	11.90	6.65	0.35	0.53	0.86	6.89
OPC	20.70	7.72	55.30	2.37	3.45	0.33	2.74	0.64	2.69

原料	SiO₂/%	Al₂O₃/%	CaO/%	SO₃/%	Fe₂O₃/%	Na₂O/%	MgO/%	K₂O/%	烧失量/%
CGS	46.78	25.25	14.66	0.35	8.12	0.61	0.61	1.38	5.40
CFBFA	32.28	23.55	21.47	11.90	6.65	0.35	0.53	0.86	6.89
OPC	20.70	7.72	55.30	2.37	3.45	0.33	2.74	0.64	2.69

样品简称	CGS/%	CFBFA/%	OPC/%	化学外加剂			W/B
样品简称	CGS/%	CFBFA/%	OPC/%	NaOH/%	Na₂SO₄/%	Na₂CO₃/%	W/B
对照组	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CSF-1NH	—	—	—	1	—	—	—
CSF-3NH	—	—	—	3	—	—	—
CSF-5NH	—	—	—	5	—	—	—
CSF-1NS	—	—	—	—	1	—	—
CSF-3NS	—	—	—	—	3	—	—
CSF-5NS	40	20	40	—	5	—	0.5
CSF-1NC	—	—	—	—	—	1	—
CSF-3NC	—	—	—	—	—	3	—
CSF-5NC	—	—	—	—	—	5	—
CSF-2NH2NS	—	—	—	2	2	—	—
CSF-3NH1NS	—	—	—	3	1	—	—
CSF-3NH3NS	—	—	—	3	3	—	—

样品简称	CGS/%	CFBFA/%	OPC/%	化学外加剂			W/B
样品简称	CGS/%	CFBFA/%	OPC/%	NaOH/%	Na₂SO₄/%	Na₂CO₃/%	W/B
对照组	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
CSF-1NH	—	—	—	1	—	—	—
CSF-3NH	—	—	—	3	—	—	—
CSF-5NH	—	—	—	5	—	—	—
CSF-1NS	—	—	—	—	1	—	—
CSF-3NS	—	—	—	—	3	—	—
CSF-5NS	40	20	40	—	5	—	0.5
CSF-1NC	—	—	—	—	—	1	—
CSF-3NC	—	—	—	—	—	3	—
CSF-5NC	—	—	—	—	—	5	—
CSF-2NH2NS	—	—	—	2	2	—	—
CSF-3NH1NS	—	—	—	3	1	—	—
CSF-3NH3NS	—	—	—	3	3	—	—

养护龄期	温度范围	样品结合水失重率/%
养护龄期	温度范围	对照组	CSF-5NS	CSF-5NC	CSF-3NH	CSF-2NH2NS
28d	室温~414℃	8.16	10.41	9.66	9.74	10.87
	414~470℃	1.56	0.82	0.92	0.86	0.75
	470~700℃	5.08	5.08	5.72	5.41	5.21
	室温~700℃	14.80	16.31	16.30	16.01	16.83
90d	室温~414℃	9.55	12.53	10.15	9.78	11.50
	414~470℃	1.25	0.88	0.94	0.96	0.91
	470~700℃	4.11	4.66	4.69	4.69	4.75
	室温~700℃	14.91	18.07	15.78	15.43	17.16