孔隙水电动导排对底泥磷释放及赋存形态的影响

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1396

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 6052-6061.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1396

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

孔隙水电动导排对底泥磷释放及赋存形态的影响

陈明鉴¹^,²(), 黎睿²^,³, 于滨养¹^,², 胡艳平²^,³, 王丹阳²^,³, 汤显强²^,³()

^1.三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌 443002
^2.长江科学院流域水环境研究所，湖北武汉 430010
^3.长江科学院流域水环境与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430010

收稿日期:2024-08-28 修回日期:2024-10-18 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
通讯作者: 汤显强
作者简介:陈明鉴（1999—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为污染底泥修复技术。E-mail：825945967@qq.com。
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFD349);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务(CKSF2024327/SH);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51979006)

Influence of electro osmotic drainage on the phosphorus forms in polluted sediment

CHEN Mingjian¹^,²(), LI Rui²^,³, YU Binyang¹^,², HU Yanping²^,³, WANG Danyang²^,³, TANG Xianqiang²^,³()

^1.College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
^2.Basin Water Environmental Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China

Received:2024-08-28 Revised:2024-10-18 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-10
Contact: TANG Xianqiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

孔隙水是底泥向上覆水释放磷素的主要介质，分离和脱除富含磷素的孔隙水，是控制内源磷释放的一种有效手段。本文采用自主研发孔隙水电动导排装置开展室外中试实验，分析了孔隙水电动导排对底泥磷释放及赋存形态的影响，探究了孔隙水电动导排过程中磷赋存转化的调控机制。结果表明，孔隙水电动导排促进了底泥溶解性有机磷（DOP）向无机磷酸盐（SRP）的转化，随着电压梯度升高，阳极导排孔隙水中SRP占溶解性总磷（DTP）比值由8.14%升高至60.61%，DOP占DTP比值由90.70%下降至39.39%；孔隙水电动导排在降低泥-水界面磷释放方面有良好效果，减小了泥-水界面（SWI）磷浓度梯度。此外，此技术抑制孔隙水磷素向上覆水释放，实验结束时，孔隙水SRP比值（孔隙水/上覆水）由4.35升高至20.00。最后，孔隙水电动导排通过改变底泥磷的形态促进了底泥磷的脱除，阴极区15~25cm深度处底泥铁铝结合态磷[(Fe/Al)-P]溶出明显，阳极酸化促进了底泥中无机磷（IP）向钙结合态磷（Ca-P）转化。孔隙水电动导排促进了底泥中有机磷向无机磷转化，同时促进底泥(Fe/Al)-P的溶出，一体化削减了孔隙水、上覆水以及底泥中磷含量，进而降低了底泥磷内源释放风险，有助于进一步净化水质，控制水体富营养化。

关键词: 底泥修复, 磷形态, 电泳, 电动导排

Abstract:

Pore water is the main medium for releasing phosphorus from sediment to overlying water. Separation and removal of pore water rich in phosphorus is an effective means of controlling endogenous phosphorus release. We conducted outdoor pilot tests using a self-developed pore water electric drainage device to analyze the impact of pore water electric drainage on the release and occurrence of phosphorus in sediment, and explore the regulatory mechanism of phosphorus occurrence and transformation during the pore water electric drainage process.The results indicated that electrokinetic drainage promoted the conversion of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) to soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) within the sediment. As the voltage gradient increased, the proportion of SRP in dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in the anodically drained pore water rose from 8.14% to 60.61%, while the DOP/DTP ratio decreased from 90.70% to 39.39%. The technique effectively reduced phosphorus release across the sediment-water interface (SWI) by diminishing the phosphorus concentration gradient. Furthermore, it inhibited the upward release of pore water phosphorus to the overlying water. By the experiment's end, the pore water/overlying water SRP ratio increased from 4.35 to 20.00. Finally, electrokinetic drainage enhanced sediment phosphorus removal by altering phosphorus speciation significant dissolution of iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al)-P occurred in the cathode zone at depths of 15—25cm, and anodic acidification promoted the transformation of inorganic phosphorus (IP) to calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the sediment. Overall, electrokinetic pore water drainage facilitates the conversion of organic phosphorus to inorganic forms and promotes the dissolution of (Fe/Al)-P, achieving an integrated reduction of phosphorus content in the pore water, overlying water, and sediment. This consequently lowers the risk of internal phosphorus release from sediments, aiding in water purification and the control of eutrophication.

Key words: sediment?remediation, phosphorus?fractions, electrophoresis, electrokinetic?remediation

中图分类号:

陈明鉴, 黎睿, 于滨养, 胡艳平, 王丹阳, 汤显强. 孔隙水电动导排对底泥磷释放及赋存形态的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(10): 6052-6061.

CHEN Mingjian, LI Rui, YU Binyang, HU Yanping, WANG Danyang, TANG Xianqiang. Influence of electro osmotic drainage on the phosphorus forms in polluted sediment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(10): 6052-6061.

图/表 13

图 1 装置示意图

图 2 实验现场和电极平面布置图

表1 电极导排孔隙水变化特征

电极	电压梯度/V·cm^-1	DTP浓度/mg·L^-1	SRP浓度/mg·L^-1	DOP浓度/mg·L^-1	总排水量/L	Fe浓度/mg·L^-1	pH
阳极	0	0.04~1.92（0.86）^①	0.03~0.18（0.07）^①	0.02~1.74（0.78）	25.15^①	0.27~11.65（2.07）	9.2~11.0（10.5）^①
	0.5	0.41~4.02（1.69）	0.09~3.22（0.69）	0.32~0.80（1.00）	48.50^①	0.71~10.25（2.91）	2.7~7.6（6.3）^①
	1	0.12~7.16（1.89）	0.10~4.83（1.05）	0.02~2.34（0.84）	33.90^①	0.3~16.68（3.80）	2.6~8.1（6.1）
	1.5	0.63~10.69（2.64）^①	0.08~6.40（1.6）^①	0.55~4.29（1.04）	51.90^①	1.84~5.94（4.21）	2.0~7.3（5.0）^①
阴极	0	0.26~1.36（0.79）^①	0.04~0.45（0.12）	0.22~0.92（0.67）	20.47^①	0.21~9.24（2.07）	10.2~11.1（10.7）
	0.5	0.22~1.96（0.88）	0.02~0.25（0.08）	0.20~1.71（0.80）^①	16.35^①	0.09~7.68（0.86）	7.5~12.4（11.5）
	1	0.15~1.80（0.83）	0.03~0.14（0.07）	0.12~1.66（0.76）	16.20^①	0.02~8.01（0.83）	7.3~12.6（11.5）
	1.5	0.09~1.13（0.38）^①	0.04~0.13（0.07）	0.06~1.00（0.31）^①	18.20^①	0.03~5.65（0.61）	7.5~12.6（10.2）

图 3 不同电压梯度下不同形态磷累积脱除量、单支电极柱排磷总量

表2 上覆水变化特征

电压梯度/V·cm^-1	DTP浓度/mg·L^-1	SRP浓度/mg·L^-1	DOP浓度/mg·L^-1	DO浓度/mg·L^-1	Fe浓度/mg·L^-1	pH
0	0.06~0.31（0.18）	0.01~0.30（0.08）	0.01~0.24（0.11）^①	0.53~7.80（3.82）	0.05~0.46（0.10）^①	7.0~10.0（8.1）
0.5	0.09~0.57（0.26）	0.03~0.10（0.05）	0.01~0.51（0.21）^①	0.60~6.82（3.21）	0.07~0.49（0.26）	6.9~8.3（7.8）
1	0.05~0.43（0.20）	0.01~0.16（0.05）	0.01~0.43（0.16）	1.26~7.40（4.28）	0.01~0.47（0.17）	7.5~8.7（8.0）
1.5	0.07~0.40（0.19）	0.01~0.23（0.06）	0.01~0.26（0.13）	0.85~13.07（4.95）	0.01~0.30（0.09）^①	7.1~8.6（8.0）
空白组	0.07~0.31（0.16）	0~0.18（0.04）	0.01~0.27（0.13）	3.26~15.95（8.44）	0.01~0.17（0.01）	7.1~9.2（8.5）

图 4 沉积物-水界面磷（DGT-P）的垂直剖面分布

表 3 实验过程中不同电压梯度下上覆水/孔隙水磷浓度变化

电压梯度/V·cm^-1	实验前期			实验中期			实验后期
电压梯度/V·cm^-1	$T P$	$S R P$	$D O P$	$T P$	$S R P$	$D O P$	$T P$	SRP		$D O P$
0	7.14	1.43	9.09	3.03	0.65	7.69	5.56		4.35	5.56
0.5	11.11	2.44	12.50	4.35	5.88	4.35	7.14		10.00	7.14
1	12.50	2.86	16.67	4.55	12.50	3.33	11.11		16.67	11.11
1.5	11.11	14.29	14.29	3.45	16.67	4.55	14.29		20.00	11.11

表 3 实验过程中不同电压梯度下上覆水/孔隙水磷浓度变化

电压梯度/V·cm^-1	实验前期			实验中期			实验后期
电压梯度/V·cm^-1	$T P$	$S R P$	$D O P$	$T P$	$S R P$	$D O P$	$T P$	SRP		$D O P$
0	7.14	1.43	9.09	3.03	0.65	7.69	5.56		4.35	5.56
0.5	11.11	2.44	12.50	4.35	5.88	4.35	7.14		10.00	7.14
1	12.50	2.86	16.67	4.55	12.50	3.33	11.11		16.67	11.11
1.5	11.11	14.29	14.29	3.45	16.67	4.55	14.29		20.00	11.11

图 5 沉积物磷形态变化特征

表 4 沉积物中OP与IP占比变化特征

深度/cm	阳极区占比		阴极区占比		未处理区占比
深度/cm	OP	IP	OP	IP	OP	IP
0~5	20.76%	79.24%	23.36%	76.64%	36.86%	63.14%
5~10	16.93%	83.07%	25.63%	74.37%	26.88%	73.12%
10~15	27.42%	72.58%	24.19%	75.81%	25.67%	74.33%
15~20	26.00%	74.00%	22.52%	77.48%	17.94%	82.06%
20~25	21.27%	78.73%	27.40%	72.60%	28.44%	71.56%

图 6 沉积物中不同形态IP占比变化特征

图 7 不同电压梯度下DOP与TOC浓度变化

图 8 不同电压梯度下阴极溶解态Fe浓度与pH、TP的关系

图 9 孔隙水电动导排机理

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孔隙水电动导排对底泥磷释放及赋存形态的影响

Influence of electro osmotic drainage on the phosphorus forms in polluted sediment

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