反应烧结制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷研究新进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷具有高透过率、高强度、高热导率、耐环境侵蚀和低介电常数等优点，在透明装甲、红外窗口、基片衬底等军民用领域具有广泛的应用前景。经过五十多年的研究，镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷已经发展出成熟的制备工艺路线（粉体制备-陶瓷成型-烧结），但该路线严重依赖于高纯度、高活性的镁铝尖晶石商业粉体。本文简要介绍了镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的国内外研究现状，重点介绍了本文作者团队采用反应烧结法制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷方面所做的工作。分析了原料晶型、组分、烧结工艺和烧结助剂等因素对材料微观结构演变和性能的影响规律，为材料性能优化提供理论指导。同时针对不同领域应用需求，首次报道了大尺寸平板和超半球等镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷的研究进展，为推动材料制备工艺发展和应用提供参考。

关键词: 透明陶瓷, 镁铝尖晶石, 反应烧结, 微结构, 大尺寸

Abstract:

Magnesium aluminum spinel transparent ceramics have the advantages of high transmittance, high strength, high thermal conductivity, resistance to environmental erosion and low dielectric constant, etc. It can be widely used in the military and civilian fields such as transparent armor, infrared window, substrate and so on. After more than 50 years of research, spinel transparent ceramics have developed a mature preparation process (powder-forming-sintering), which heavily relies on the commercial spinel powder with high purity and high activity. In this paper, the development of spinel transparent ceramics at home and abroad was briefly introduced and the work of the preparation of spinel transparent ceramics by reactive sintering by our team was focused on. The effects of raw powder crystal type, composition, sintering process and sintering additives on the microstructure evolution and properties of the material were analyzed, which can provide theoretical guidance for the optimization of material properties. In order to push forward the development of the manufacture process and application of spinel transparent ceramic, the relevant for different application fields was introduced for the first time, i.e. large-sized plate and hyper-hemispherical dome.

Key words: transparent ceramic, spinel, reactive sintering, microstructure, large size

中图分类号:

TQ174

韩丹, 章健, 罗皓鸣, 刘鹏, 王士维. 反应烧结制备镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷研究新进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3637-3646.

HAN Dan, ZHANGJian , LUO Haoming, LIU Peng, WANG Shiwei. A review on preparation of spinel transparent ceramic by reactive sintering[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3637-3646.

图/表 18

图1 镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷发展历程

图2 使用不同晶型氧化铝原料样品的热膨胀曲线

图3 使用不同晶型氧化铝原料样品的透过率曲线

图4 使用不同晶型氧化铝原料样品的微观结构照片

图5 MgO-Al2O3二元相图[15]

表1 不同镁铝比尖晶石的成相温度

n	成相温度/℃
0.98	>1650
1	1200
1.1	1200
1.2	1300
1.3	1400
1.4	1450
1.5	1500
2	1650

图6 不同组分样品的致密化曲线

图7 不同组分透明陶瓷的照片和微观结构

图8 不同组分透明陶瓷的透过率曲线（2mm厚）

图9 不同热等静压温度处理后n=1.5样品的透过率曲线

图10 n=1.5透明陶瓷样品的显微结构

图11 不同预烧气氛处理样品在1700℃热等静压处理后的透过率曲线

图12 Y2O3添加量对透过率的影响

图13 Y2O3添加量对晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响规律

图14 430mm×700mm镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷

图15 超半球整流罩

图16 6英寸镁铝尖晶石圆片和键合后的基片

图17 不同掺杂浓度Co：MgAl2O4透明陶瓷照片

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