煤热解研究进展及其发展历程

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0753

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在应对“碳中和”的挑战中，我国学者提出了“工程热化学”这一新兴学科。煤热解是一种重要的热化学反应，是工程热化学领域的重要研究内容。面对日益增长的能源需求以及不断恶化的世界环境，煤炭清洁高效利用成为我国的重大战略需求。全面了解煤热解过程，完善煤热解理论，准确描述煤热解动力学机理，是开发煤的高效热解的基础。本文首先介绍了煤热解的概念、分类及热解过程，进而总结了煤热解机理的研究进展，针对煤热解的ReaxFF MD分子动力学以及热分析动力学进行了详细的分析。阐述了热解过程发生的主要反应、反应的影响因素以及热作用过程中矿物质及杂原子对反应的影响。最后对煤热解工艺发展历程和示范应用进行了总结。

关键词: 煤热解, 热解机理, 动力学, 影响因素

Abstract:

In response to the challenge of carbon neutrality, scholars in China have proposed the emerging discipline of “Engineering Thermochemistry”. Coal pyrolysis is an important industrial thermochemical reaction, which is an important research content in the field of engineering thermochemistry. In the face of increasing energy demand and deteriorating world environment, the clean and efficient utilization of coal has become a major strategic need in China. A comprehensive understanding of the coal pyrolysis process, improvement of coal pyrolysis theory and accurate description of the kinetic mechanism of coal pyrolysis are the basis for the development of efficient pyrolysis of coal. This paper firstly introduced the concept, classification and pyrolysis process of coal pyrolysis, and then summarized the research progress of coal pyrolysis mechanism, and conducted a detailed analysis of the ReaxFF MD molecular dynamics as well as thermal analysis kinetics of coal pyrolysis. The main reactions occurring in the pyrolysis process, the influencing factors of the reactions, and the effects of the reactions of minerals and heteroatoms in the process of thermal action were described. Finally, the development history and demonstration application of coal pyrolysis process were summarized.

Key words: coal pyrolysis, pyrolysis mechanism, kinetics, influencing factors

中图分类号:

TQ536.1

曹景沛, 姚乃瑜, 庞新博, 赵小燕, 赵静平, 蔡士杰, 徐敏, 冯晓博, 伊凤娇. 煤热解研究进展及其发展历程[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(7): 3620-3636.

CAO Jingpei, YAO Naiyu, PANG Xinbo, ZHAO Xiaoyan, ZHAO Jingping, CAI Shijie, XU Min, FENG Xiaobo, YI Fengjiao. Research progress and development history of coal pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(7): 3620-3636.

图/表 11

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化学键	键能/kJ·mol^-1	键能/kJ·mol^-1
C_ar—C_ar	2057	284
C_ar—H	425	284
C_al—H	392	251
C_ar—C_al	332	251
C_al—O	314	339
C_al—C_al	297	339
	301	284

化学键	键能/kJ·mol^-1	键能/kJ·mol^-1
C_ar—C_ar	2057	284
C_ar—H	425	284
C_al—H	392	251
C_ar—C_al	332	251
C_al—O	314	339
C_al—C_al	297	339
	301	284

煤化程度	产物
煤化程度	半焦/焦炭	焦油/热解水	热解气
褐煤	59.5	31.5	9.0
长焰煤	64.7	29.0	6.3
气煤	64.4	29.2	6.4
焦煤	73.3	21.7	5.0
无烟煤	95.2	2.1	2.7

煤化程度	产物
煤化程度	半焦/焦炭	焦油/热解水	热解气
褐煤	59.5	31.5	9.0
长焰煤	64.7	29.0	6.3
气煤	64.4	29.2	6.4
焦煤	73.3	21.7	5.0
无烟煤	95.2	2.1	2.7

煤化程度	焦油
煤化程度	芳香族	脂肪族	酚类	酮类	醇类	醛类	酸类/酯类	含氮化合物	含硫化合物	其他含氧化合物
褐煤	28.8	17.1	32.2	3.1	7.4	0.3	1.5	2.9	1.2	—
长焰煤	26.5	27.1	35.1	1.8	4.8	0.3	0.9	1.2	0.08	1.9
气煤	19.5	31.8	31.1	2.5	2.3	0.4	1.3	6.1	2.9	2.1
焦煤	65.0	7.6	6.6	1.0	3.8	0.4	0.8	4.3	7.3	3.3
无烟煤	44.8	1.5	0	—	28.4	—	3.8	11.7	—	4.4