离子导电水凝胶的制备及在柔性电子领域的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0815

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

离子导电水凝胶是一种具有高含水量、可拉伸性和良好生物相容性的高分子聚合物材料，聚合物网络间存在的自由离子使其表现出与人类皮肤非常相似的离子导电方式，在可穿戴传感设备、能量存储器件和生物医疗等应用领域展现出巨大潜力。本文简要介绍了离子导电水凝胶的研究背景与进展，讨论了离子导电水凝胶的制备方式，介绍了离子导电水凝胶在导电性、柔韧性、抗冻保水性、自愈合性、黏附性及生物相容性等功能特性方面的研究进展，分析和阐述了离子导电水凝胶材料相关的应用研究进展。最后，总结了离子导电水凝胶材料在稳定性、环境适应性、多功能协同匹配性等方面存在的问题与挑战，展望了离子导电水凝胶材料的发展趋势及前景，指出开发具有高导电性、极端环境稳定性、自愈合性能及生物可降解性的功能可调控离子导电水凝胶将成为下一步的研究重点，同时结合无线传感网络技术、自供电设备开发无线传感及自供电功能的可穿戴传感系统也将成为重要的研究方向之一。

关键词: 水凝胶, 离子导电, 自愈合, 柔性电子

Abstract:

Ionic conductive hydrogels are polymeric materials with high water content, stretchability and good biocompatibility. The presence of free ions in polymer networks enable them to exhibit ionic conductivity very similar to human skin, showing great potential in applications such as wearable sensing devices, energy storage devices, and biomedical applications. In this review, the research background and progress of ionic conductive hydrogels were briefly introduced, and the preparation methods of ionic conductive hydrogels were discussed. The research progress of ionic conductive hydrogels in functional properties such as conductivity, flexibility, anti-freezing, water retention, self-healing, adhesion and biocompatibility was introduced, and the related application research progress of ionic conductive hydrogels was analyzed and described. Finally, the existing problems and challenges in stability, environmental suitability and synergetic compatibility between various functions of ionic conductive hydrogels were summarized, and the development trend and prospect of ionic conductive hydrogels were forecasted. It was pointed out that the development of functionally adjustable ionic conductive hydrogels with high conductivity, superior stability in an extreme environment, perfect self-healing properties and desirable biodegradability would be the focus of further research. In addition, it would also become an important research direction to develop a wearable sensing system with wireless sensing and self-powered function based on ionic conductive hydrogels.

Key words: hydrogels, ionic conductive, self-healing, flexible electronic

中图分类号:

O648.17

谢蒙蒙, 刘健, 党蕊, 李美馨, 林晓婷, 苏舟, 王洁. 离子导电水凝胶的制备及在柔性电子领域的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(6): 3128-3144.

XIE Mengmeng, LIU Jian, DANG Rui, LI Meixin, LIN Xiaoting, SU Zhou, WANG Jie. Preparation of ionic conductive hydrogels and its applications in flexible electronic[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(6): 3128-3144.

图/表 7

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水凝胶	导电介质	电导率/S·m^-1	灵敏度(GF)	断裂伸长率/%	拉伸应力/kPa	应用	参考文献
P(AA-AM)-Fe³⁺/CS-SO₄^2-	Fe³⁺; SO₄^2-	3.04	6	1225	5100	传感器	[36]
PAM/卡拉胶/KCl	KCl	—	0.63	2000	550	传感器	[37]
DA-Fe-PAA	Fe³⁺	30	—	>2000	13	传感器	[39]
P(SBMA-HEMA)/XLG	XLG;SBMA	0.24	1.8	2000	270	传感器	[45]
PVA/PVP/CNCs-Fe³⁺	Fe³⁺	—	0.478	830	2100	传感器	[50]
GMA-SA-PAM	NaCl	5.26	—	407	21.63	传感器	[52]
PAM-CMC/Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺	1.4	1.42	1480	276	传感器	[53]
PAM/SC/CMS-Na	Na⁺	6.12	—	3300	320	传感器	[64]
PAM-SA/CaCl₂	CaCl₂	8	—	400	—	超级电容器	[66]
PAM/干酪素/LiCl	LiCl	7.53	—	1465	168	传感器	[67]
PVA-NaCl-甘油	NaCl	9.25	—	575±29	570±20	超级电容器	[68]
PVA-SA-TA-Bx	Bx; Na⁺	2.69	15.98	600	23	传感器	[69]
PAM-CS/NaCl	NaCl	17	2	1350	200	传感器伤口敷料	[70]
PAA-TA@CNC-Al³⁺	AlCl₃	—	7.8	2800	300	传感器	[71]
AC/NaOH-尿素	NaOH	0.016	0.3	126	50	传感器	[72]
PAM-CMC/LiCl	LiCl	—	3.15	1363	22.8	传感器	[73]
PAM-铁蛋白	铁蛋白	0.067	2.06	1400	99	传感器	[74]
PAA-AAPBA/TA	CaCl₂	—	0.79	7300	54	传感器	[75]
PNA/PVP/TA/Fe³⁺	Fe³⁺	0.79	3.61	720	—	传感器	[76]
P(AA-AM)/SA/ZnSO₄	ZnSO₄	—	2.9	4200	210	传感器	[77]
SA/ZnSO₄/P(AM-AA)	ZnSO₄	0.34	—	>10000	150	摩擦纳米发电机	[78]

水凝胶	导电介质	电导率/S·m^-1	灵敏度(GF)	断裂伸长率/%	拉伸应力/kPa	应用	参考文献
P(AA-AM)-Fe³⁺/CS-SO₄^2-	Fe³⁺; SO₄^2-	3.04	6	1225	5100	传感器	[36]
PAM/卡拉胶/KCl	KCl	—	0.63	2000	550	传感器	[37]
DA-Fe-PAA	Fe³⁺	30	—	>2000	13	传感器	[39]
P(SBMA-HEMA)/XLG	XLG;SBMA	0.24	1.8	2000	270	传感器	[45]
PVA/PVP/CNCs-Fe³⁺	Fe³⁺	—	0.478	830	2100	传感器	[50]
GMA-SA-PAM	NaCl	5.26	—	407	21.63	传感器	[52]
PAM-CMC/Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺	1.4	1.42	1480	276	传感器	[53]
PAM/SC/CMS-Na	Na⁺	6.12	—	3300	320	传感器	[64]
PAM-SA/CaCl₂	CaCl₂	8	—	400	—	超级电容器	[66]
PAM/干酪素/LiCl	LiCl	7.53	—	1465	168	传感器	[67]
PVA-NaCl-甘油	NaCl	9.25	—	575±29	570±20	超级电容器	[68]
PVA-SA-TA-Bx	Bx; Na⁺	2.69	15.98	600	23	传感器	[69]
PAM-CS/NaCl	NaCl	17	2	1350	200	传感器伤口敷料	[70]
PAA-TA@CNC-Al³⁺	AlCl₃	—	7.8	2800	300	传感器	[71]
AC/NaOH-尿素	NaOH	0.016	0.3	126	50	传感器	[72]
PAM-CMC/LiCl	LiCl	—	3.15	1363	22.8	传感器	[73]
PAM-铁蛋白	铁蛋白	0.067	2.06	1400	99	传感器	[74]
PAA-AAPBA/TA	CaCl₂	—	0.79	7300	54	传感器	[75]
PNA/PVP/TA/Fe³⁺	Fe³⁺	0.79	3.61	720	—	传感器	[76]
P(AA-AM)/SA/ZnSO₄	ZnSO₄	—	2.9	4200	210	传感器	[77]
SA/ZnSO₄/P(AM-AA)	ZnSO₄	0.34	—	>10000	150	摩擦纳米发电机	[78]

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