碳中和目标下推动绿色甲醇发展的必要性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0647

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前我国甲醇产能接近9800万吨、产量8000万吨，表观消费量约占世界总量的60%，自给率达90%以上，但以煤为主天然气和焦炉气为辅的原料格局导致甲醇生产每年产生2亿吨CO₂排放。文章指出：在碳中和背景下，随着以电力领域为代表的烟气CO₂捕集工作的深入开展、绿电装机规模的不断增加，将有越来越多的CO₂和绿电以产品形式存在，捕集1t CO₂的综合成本达到300元左右。在该成本边界下，如不能将捕集获得的CO₂进行资源化利用带来效益，将会对双碳目标的达成带来不利影响，因此如何对CO₂进行转化利用成为研究热点，将CO₂加氢合成绿色甲醇则是一个很好的解决方案，并且相关研究和工业开发也逐渐掀起热潮。本文从政策驱动、工艺优势、降碳效应、绿电及CO₂转化消纳、市场需求、甲醇产业升级6个方面进行了分析，认为发展绿色甲醇是实现碳中和目标重要且必要的举措之一。

关键词: 碳中和, 碳减排, 绿色甲醇, 发展, 必要性

Abstract:

At present, the methanol production capacity is close to 98 million tons and the output is 80million tons. The apparent consumption of methanol accounts for about 60% of the world total, and the self-sufficiency rate is more than 90%. However, the raw material pattern of methanol production, supplemented by natural gas and coke oven gas, leads to the annual CO₂ emission of 200 million tons. Under the background of carbon neutrality, with the in-depth development of flue gas CO₂ capture represented by the power field and the continuous increase of the installed scale of green electricity, more and more CO₂ and green electricity will exist in the form of products. The comprehensive cost of capturing a ton of CO₂ reaches about 300 yuan. Under this cost boundary, if the CO₂ captured cannot be recycled to bring benefits. Therefore, how to convert and utilize CO₂ has become a research hotspot, and hydrogenation of CO₂ to green methanol is a good solution. Moreover, relevant research and industrial development have also gradually set off a boom. In this paper, six aspects of policy driving, technological advantages, carbon reduction effect, green electricity and CO₂ conversion consumption, market demand, methanol industry upgrading were analyzed, and the development of green methanol was considered to be one of the important and necessary measures to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

Key words: carbon reduction, carbon reduction, green methanol, development, necessity

中图分类号:

TQ223.1

舒斌, 陈建宏, 熊健, 吴其荣, 喻江涛, 杨平. 碳中和目标下推动绿色甲醇发展的必要性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4471-4478.

SHU Bin, CHEN Jianhong, XIONG Jian, WU Qirong, YU Jiangtao, YANG Ping. Necessity analysis of promoting the development of green methanol under the goal of carbon neutrality[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4471-4478.

图/表 5

参考文献 24

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催化剂	温度 /℃	压力 /MPa	CO₂单程转化率/%	甲醇选择性 /%
CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃^[6-8]	240	2.0	21.2	48.4
CuO/ZnO/ZrO₂^[9-12]	240～250	—	22.0	42.3
CuO/ZnO、CuO/ZrO₂^[13-16]	230～270	—	12.8～17.6	40.2～63.8
ZnO/ZrO₂^[17-18]	315～320	5.0	10.0	90.0
贵金属催化剂^[19-20]	250	2.0	11.0	60.0

催化剂	温度 /℃	压力 /MPa	CO₂单程转化率/%	甲醇选择性 /%
CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃^[6-8]	240	2.0	21.2	48.4
CuO/ZnO/ZrO₂^[9-12]	240～250	—	22.0	42.3
CuO/ZnO、CuO/ZrO₂^[13-16]	230～270	—	12.8～17.6	40.2～63.8
ZnO/ZrO₂^[17-18]	315～320	5.0	10.0	90.0
贵金属催化剂^[19-20]	250	2.0	11.0	60.0

煤制甲醇		绿色甲醇
煤价 /CNY·t^-1	甲醇成本 /CNY·t^-1	绿电电价 /CNY·kWh^-1	甲醇成本 /CNY·t^-1
500	1877	0.1	2818
1000	2627	0.2	3899
1500	3377	0.3	4979
2000	4127	0.4	6059

煤制甲醇		绿色甲醇
煤价 /CNY·t^-1	甲醇成本 /CNY·t^-1	绿电电价 /CNY·kWh^-1	甲醇成本 /CNY·t^-1
500	1877	0.1	2818
1000	2627	0.2	3899
1500	3377	0.3	4979
2000	4127	0.4	6059

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