不同波纹壁面微细通道沸腾曲线及沸腾起始点研究

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0911

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究不同壁面微细通道内质量通量对沸腾起始点的影响，利用计算机数控技术制得3种不同波纹壁面的微细通道，以R141b为实验工质，在入口温度为33℃、压力为60kPa的工况下，调节加热板的功率，在质量通量为203.75kg/(m²·s)、255.68kg/(m²·s)、307.61kg/(m²·s)、358.59kg/(m²·s)和409.57kg/(m²·s)的条件下分别测定3种不同波纹壁面沸腾曲线。通过分析3种微细通道不同质量通量下的沸腾曲线，归纳ONB点的过热度和热通量变化规律，进一步比较在同一质量通量下不同壁面微细通道的沸腾曲线，分析波纹壁面沸腾起始点的过热度减小的原因，最后将实验值与现有的ONB预测模型进行对比，发现Hsu模型预测效果整体较好，但该模型没有关联质量通量因素，本文对3种波纹壁面不同质量通量作用下ONB预测模型进行了研究。研究结果表明：同一种壁面微细通道，随着质量通量增大，ONB点壁面过热度减小；相同质量通量下普通微细通道ONB点的过热度最高，正弦微细通道次之，三角形微细通道最低；本文的ONB预测模型对普通、正弦和三角形微细通道预测平均绝对误差值分别为0.77%、1.91%和2.08%。

关键词: 微通道, 沸腾起始点, 波纹壁面, 流动沸腾, 两相流

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of mass flow rates on boiling starting point in microchannels with different walls, three kinds of microchannels with different corrugated walls were made by computer numerical control technology. R141b was used as the experimental working medium, and the power of the heating plate was adjusted at the inlet temperature of 33℃ and the pressure of 60kPa. The boiling curves of three different corrugated walls were measured under the conditions of mass flow rates of 203.75kg/(m²·s), 255.68kg/(m²·s), 307.61kg/(m²·s), 358.59 kg/(m²·s) and 409.57kg/(m²·s), respectively. By analyzing the boiling curves of each wall microchannel under different mass flow rates, the change rules of superheat and heat flux at ONB point were summarized. Furthermore, the boiling curves of different wall microchannels under the same mass flow rate were compared, and the reason for the decrease of superheat at the boiling starting point of corrugated wall was analyzed. Finally, compared with the existing typical ONB prediction model, the parameters related to mass flow rate are introduced based on the correlation of Hsu model for correction. The results showed that with the increase of mass flow rate, the measured wall superheat of ONB point decreased for the same kind of wall microchannel. At the same mass flow rate, the superheat of ONB point of ordinary microchannel was the highest, followed by sinusoidal microchannel, and the superheat of ONB point of triangular microchannel was the lowest. Compared with six typical ONB forecasting models, it was found that the overall forecasting effect of Hsu model was good, especially the average absolute error of triangular microchannel was 7.56%. Based on the correlation of Hsu model, the average absolute error of ordinary, sinusoidal and triangular microchannels was 0.77%, 1.91% and 2.08%, respectively, which improved the forecasting accuracy of ONB superheat of corrugated microchannels.

Key words: microchannels, onset of nucleate boiling, corrugated walls, flow boiling, two-phase flow

中图分类号:

TK124

罗小平, 樊鹏, 周建阳, 王梦圆. 不同波纹壁面微细通道沸腾曲线及沸腾起始点研究[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1228-1239.

LUO Xiaoping, FAN Peng, ZHOU Jianyang, WANG Mengyuan. Boiling curve and onset of nucleate boiling of microchannels with corrugated walls[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(3): 1228-1239.

图/表 15

图1 实验系统1—磁力泵；2—过滤器；3—涡轮流量计；4—预热水箱；5—超声波发射器；6—高压直流电场发射器；7、8—观测镜；9—加热板；10—试验段；11～21—控制阀；22—冷却水箱；23—储液罐；24—注液装置；25、26—外部冷却循环；27—计算机；28～30—测温仪；31～33—压力计；34—安捷伦

表1 实验装置仪器及简介

仪器名称	出产厂家	仪器型号	简介
磁力泵	广州隆鑫泵业有限公司	20LH0-12	输出量程大且平稳
变频器	三菱电机自动化有限公司	FR-D720S-2.2K-CHT	在循环管路其他阀门保持不变时，变频器的频率与磁力泵输出流量成线性关系
云母加热板	定制	最大输出功率1500W，最大电压220V	通过调压器调节加热功率，保持稳定输出
温度传感器	上海中泰电热仪表厂	WRNK-291K型热电偶	精度0.2%，量程0～200℃
压力传感器	广州汉川仪表有限公司	HC3160-HVG4	精度0.5%，量程0～700kPa
安捷伦	艾德克斯电子有限公司	IT8511	直接采集数据
冷却机组	广州东教冷冻工程有限公司	KL858	可控制温度2～80℃

表2 R141b的物性参数

物性	参数值
分子量	116.95
沸点/℃	32.05
临界温度/℃	204.15
临界压力/MPa	4.25
饱和液体密度/kg·m^-3	1.227
液体比热容/kJ·kg^-1·℃^-1	1.16
临界密度/g·cm^-3	0.43

图2 微细通道实验段结构1—固定盖板；2—聚四氟乙烯盖板；3—可视化玻璃；4—微细通道；5—密封圈；6—出口测压孔；7—工质出口；8—出口测温孔；9—铝制基座；10—入口测压孔；11—工质入口；12—入口测温孔；13—壁面测温孔

图3 3种壁面微细通道截面

表3 3种波纹壁面尺寸

壁面结构	H/mm	D_c/mm	A_c/mm
普通光滑	2	0	0
正弦波纹	2	12	0.8
三角形波纹	2	12	0.8

图4 3种壁面微细通道接触角测定

图5 单元矩形微细通道的横截面1—盖板；2—铝制基座；3—上测温孔；4—下测温孔；5—加热板

表4 测量误差

参数	仪器	量程	精度/%
温度	K型热电偶	0～200℃	0.2
流量	涡轮流量计	0～250L/h	0.5
压力	压力传感器	0～700kPa	0.5

表5 测量误差

物理量	相对不确定度/%
G	0.68
q_eff	4.57

图6 3种波纹壁面不同流量下的沸腾曲线

图7 在5种质量通量下波纹壁面对ONB的影响

表6 沸腾起始过热度预测模型

模型	关联式	平均绝对误差/%
模型	关联式	普通	正弦	三角形
Hsu^[25]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 12.8 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	13.98	9.78	7.56
Sato and Matsumara^[26]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 8 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	32.00	22.58	23.79
Davis and Anderson^[27]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 8 1 + c o s θ σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	19.88	10.88	11.16
Liu等^[28]	$Δ T s a t = 2 σ 1 + c o s θ q O N B k f h f g ρ v + 2 2 1 + c o s θ σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	12.00	15.31	11.10
Kandlikar等^[29]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 9.2 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	27.07	16.97	18.48
Celata等^[30]	$Δ T s a t 2 = q O N B 0.0195 e x p 0.023 p$	10.68	11.68	7.45

表6 沸腾起始过热度预测模型

模型	关联式	平均绝对误差/%
模型	关联式	普通	正弦	三角形
Hsu^[25]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 12.8 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	13.98	9.78	7.56
Sato and Matsumara^[26]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 8 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	32.00	22.58	23.79
Davis and Anderson^[27]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 8 1 + c o s θ σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	19.88	10.88	11.16
Liu等^[28]	$Δ T s a t = 2 σ 1 + c o s θ q O N B k f h f g ρ v + 2 2 1 + c o s θ σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	12.00	15.31	11.10
Kandlikar等^[29]	$Δ T s a t 2 = 9.2 σ T s a t q O N B k f h f g ρ v$	27.07	16.97	18.48
Celata等^[30]	$Δ T s a t 2 = q O N B 0.0195 e x p 0.023 p$	10.68	11.68	7.45

图8 沸腾起始过热度实验值与预测值对比

图9 修正后的沸腾起始过热度实验值与Hsu模型预测值对比

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