热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0091

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 6600-6608.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0091

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统性能

张群力¹^,²(), 汪玉诗¹, 翟洪宝¹^,³, 郭颖杰¹, 张秋月¹, 黄昊天¹

^1.北京建筑大学供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程北京市重点实验室，北京 100044
^2.北京建筑大学北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建国家协同创新中心，北京 100044
^3.中国建筑科学研究院有限公司，北京 100035

收稿日期:2023-01-19 修回日期:2023-03-27 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2024-01-08
通讯作者: 张群力
作者简介:张群力（1977—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为余热回收与建筑节能。E-mail：zhangqunli@bucea.edu.cn。
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金重点项目(SQKZ201510016001);北京建筑大学研究生创新项目(PG2022070)

Analysis of heat pump flue gas waste heat recovery and nitrogen reduction system

ZHANG Qunli¹^,²(), WANG Yushi¹, ZHAI Hongbao¹^,³, GUO Yingjie¹, ZHANG Qiuyue¹, HUANG Haotian¹

^1.Beijing Key Lab of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
^2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
^3.China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100035, China

Received:2023-01-19 Revised:2023-03-27 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-01-08
Contact: ZHANG Qunli

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决燃气锅炉烟气冷凝余热回收效率低和氮氧化物（NO _x ）排放浓度高的问题，本文提出一种热泵型烟气冷凝余热回收与降氮协同处理系统。该系统利用换热器和压缩式热泵分级回收烟气高温显热和冷凝余热，以实现烟气余热深度回收；并利用吸收余热的热水对助燃空气进行加热加湿，实现烟气降氮效果。搭建了热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统试验台，研究了助燃空气含湿量、空气加湿塔液气比、热网回水温度及流量对系统余热回收和低氮排放性能的影响规律。结果表明：在热网回水温度为40℃、流量为1853L/h工况下，系统余热回收效率可达6.9%，排烟温度可降至24.5℃，NO _x 排放浓度可降至39.7mg/m³，减排效率可达60.6%。此外，试验工况下的系统供热效率均大于未加湿时锅炉的热效率，余水回收量为20.2~31.2t/a，证明该系统能够协同处理好燃气锅炉的冷凝余热回收、降氮排放、余水回收和消白问题。该系统的最短投资回收期约为4年，具有良好的节能、环保与经济效益。

关键词: 燃气锅炉, 余热回收, 热泵, 低氮排放, 助燃空气加湿

Abstract:

To solve the heat loss and pollution caused by the exhaust gas of gas boilers, this paper proposed a synergistic system for waste heat recovery and low nitrogen oxides combustion. The system used heat exchanger and heat pump evaporator to recover waste heat of flue gas in different stages to realize deep waste heat recovery and waste water recovery of flue gas, and achieve the effect of "wet plume removal". Meanwhile, the recycled hot water was used to heat the humidified and combustion air, achieving nitrogen reduction effect of flue gas. A heat pump flue gas waste heat recovery and nitrogen reduction experimental bench was built. The results showed that when the return temperature and the return flow of the heating network were respectively 40℃ and 1853L/h, experimental system could reduce nitrogen oxides emissions by 60.6%, and the exhaust gas temperature could be reduced to 24.5℃. The system could recover 6.9% of the heat while maintaining a minimum nitrogen oxides emission of 39.7mg/m³, which meant that the system could meet the high-efficiency and clean production requirements of the energy system at the same time. In addition, the annual amount of residual water recovery was 20.2—31.2t/a, which proved that the system can synergistically deal with condensing waste heat recovery, nitrogen emission reduction, residual water recovery and whitening of gas boilers. The minimum payback period of the system investment was about 4.0 years.

Key words: gas boiler, waste heat recovery, heat pump, low nitrogen emission, combustion-air humidification

中图分类号:

TK11⁺5

张群力, 汪玉诗, 翟洪宝, 郭颖杰, 张秋月, 黄昊天. 热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6600-6608.

ZHANG Qunli, WANG Yushi, ZHAI Hongbao, GUO Yingjie, ZHANG Qiuyue, HUANG Haotian. Analysis of heat pump flue gas waste heat recovery and nitrogen reduction system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6600-6608.

图/表 14

图1 热泵型烟气冷凝余热回收与降氮系统流程图

图2 热泵型烟气冷凝余热回收与降氮系统试验台

表1 试验用测试仪器型号及精度

测量参数	测试仪器	型号	精度
烟气温度	烟气分析仪	Testo340	±0.5%
NO浓度			±5mg·m^-3
NO₂浓度			±10mg·m^-3
热网水温度	热电偶	T型	±0.75%
热网水流量	电磁流量计	LDYD-3-032-16-1-1	±0.5%
助燃空气温度	温湿度记录仪	WWSZY-1	±0.2℃
助燃空气湿度	温湿度记录仪	WWSZY-1	±2%RH
—	数据采集器	Agilent34972A	±0.004%

图3 助燃空气含湿量对NO x 排放浓度的影响

图4 空气加湿塔液气比对助燃空气含湿量的影响

图5 助燃空气含湿量对烟气露点温度的影响

图6 空气加湿塔液气比对加湿水得热量、余热回收量以及系统余热回收效率的影响

图7 热网回水温度和流量对系统余热回收效率和热泵COP的影响

图8 热网回水温度和流量对系统排烟温度的影响

图9 助燃空气加湿对锅炉热效率和系统热效率的影响

图10 热泵型燃气锅炉烟气冷凝余热回收与降氮系统的能流图分析

图11 液气比对系统NO x 减排量和余水回收量的影响

表2 运行成本计算参数

供暖季天数/d

每天工作时长/h

燃气价格/CNY·m^-3

（标准工况）

表3 投资回收期计算结果

热网回水温度/℃	冷凝器侧热网回水流量/L·h^-1	投资回收期/a
40	400	12.8
	800	5.3
	1200	4.0
	1800	4.2
45	1200	6.0

参考文献 18

1	国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2021年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[J]. 中国统计, 2022, 483(3): 9-26.
	Nation Bureau of Statistics of China. Statistical communique on national economic and social development of the people’s republic of China in 2021[J]. China Statistics, 2022, 483(3): 9-26.
2	北京市城市管理委员会. 北京市“十三五”时期燃气发展建设规划[R]. 2017-03-29.
	Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Management. Beijing’s gas development and construction plan during the 13th five-year plan period[R]. 2017-03-29.
3	COMAKLI K. Economic and environmental comparison of natural gas fired conventional and condensing combi boilers[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2008, 81(4): 242-246.
4	SU Zixiang, ZHANG Mingliang, XU Peihang, et al. Opportunities and strategies for multigrade waste heat utilization in various industries: A recent review[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021, 229: 113769.
5	POURHOSEINI S H. Enhancement of radiation characteristics and reduction of NO _x emission in natural gas flame through silver-water nanofluid injection[J]. Energy, 2020, 194: 116900.
6	ANDREWS G E. Ultra-low nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) emissions combustion in gas turbine systems[M]//Jansohn P. Modern Gas Turbine Systems Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013: 715-790.
7	ZHANG Qunli, NIU Yu, YANG Xiaohu, et al. Experimental study of flue gas condensing heat recovery synergized with low NO _x emission system[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 269: 115091.
8	YANG Bo, JIANG Yi, FU Lin, et al. Conjugate heat and mass transfer study of a new open-cycle absorption heat pump applied to total heat recovery of flue gas[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 138: 888-899.
9	QU Ming, ABDELAZIZ Omar, YIN Hongxi. New configurations of a heat recovery absorption heat pump integrated with a natural gas boiler for boiler efficiency improvement[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2014, 87: 175-184.
10	贾红书, 付林, 张世钢. 开式吸收式热泵及在烟气余热回收中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2013, 32(12): 2805-2812.
	JIA Hongshu, FU Lin, ZHANG Shigang. Open absorption heat pump and application in flue gas waste heat recovering[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2013, 32(12): 2805-2812.
11	HEBENSTREIT B, SCHNETZINGER R, OHNMACHT R, et al. Techno-economic study of a heat pump enhanced flue gas heat recovery for biomass boilers[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2014, 71: 12-22.
12	孙健, 霍成, 马世财, 等. 基于电动热泵的天然气锅炉余热深度回收研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(11): 4060-4069.
	SUN Jian, HUO Cheng, MA Shicai, et al. Research on deep waste heat recovery of natural gas boiler based on electric heat pump[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(11): 4060-4069.
13	徐鹏, 傅忠诚. 燃气全预混燃烧污染物排放的研究[J]. 煤气与热力, 2005, 25(12): 15-17.
	XU Peng, FU Zhongcheng. Study on emission of pollutants from full premix gas combustion[J]. Gas & Heat, 2005, 25(12): 15-17.
14	GOPAN Akshay, VERMA Piyush, YANG Zhiwei, et al. Quantitative analysis of the impact of flue gas recirculation on the efficiency of oxy-coal power plants[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2020, 95: 102936.
15	GHOLAMI Fatemeh, TOMAS Martin, GHOLAMI Zahra, et al. Technologies for the nitrogen oxides reduction from flue gas: A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 714: 136712.
16	郑楚光, 赵永椿, 郭欣. 中国富氧燃烧技术研发进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(23): 3856-3864.
	ZHENG Chuguang, ZHAO Yongchun, GUO Xin. Research and development of oxy-fuel combustion in China[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(23): 3856-3864.
17	傅忠诚, 艾效逸, 王天飞, 等. 天然气燃烧与节能环保新技术[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007: 145-146.
	FU Zhongcheng, AI Xiaoyi, WANG Tianfei, et al. Natural gas combustion and new technology of energy saving and environmental protection[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2007: 145-146.
18	吴味隆. 锅炉及锅炉房设备[M]. 5版. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2014: 61-64.
	WU Weilong. Boiler and boiler-room equipment[M]. 5thed. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2014: 61-64.

[1]	刘炫麟, 王驿凯, 戴苏洲, 殷勇高. 热泵中氨基甲酸铵分解反应特性及反应器结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4522-4530.
[2]	胡亚飞, 冯自平, 田佳垚, 宋文吉. 空气源燃气热泵系统多制热运行模式下余热回收特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4204-4211.
[3]	吕杰, 黄冲, 冯自平, 胡亚飞, 宋文吉. 基于余热回收的燃气热泵性能及控制系统[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4182-4192.
[4]	刘广平, 陆振能, 龚宇烈. 高温热泵蒸汽系统的动态响应及扰动优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1719-1727.
[5]	胡亚飞, 冯自平, 田佳垚, 黄冲, 宋文吉. 燃料驱动无电热泵系统的节能模拟与运行经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1217-1227.
[6]	吴恒, 李银龙, 晏刚, 熊通, 张浩, 陶骙. 蒸气压缩制冷/热泵系统中的气液分离技术[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1129-1142.
[7]	张群力, 黄昊天, 张琳, 赵文强, 张秋月. 喷淋式烟气源热泵冷凝余热回收系统性能分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 650-657.
[8]	赵巧男, 刘雪敏, 刘峰, 徐洪涛, 刘兆海, 廖晓炜. 燃气锅炉掺氢燃烧氮氧化物排放机理数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5637-5647.
[9]	杨征, 谢永利, 杨光耀, 张立忠, 刘云想. 直冷式乏风热泵系统在小保当煤矿的应用分析[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 643-647.
[10]	胡亚飞, 吕杰, 韩涛, 宋文吉, 冯自平. 基于余热回收的燃气热泵系统高温制热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3553-3563.
[11]	马有福, 王梓文, 吕俊复. 热风再循环机炉耦合高效发电系统变负荷性能仿真及优化[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2340-2347.
[12]	林子昕, 田伟, 安维中. 热泵辅助变压精馏分离碳酸二甲酯/甲醇工艺及系统模拟优化[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5722-5730.
[13]	车景华, 王子健. 热泵精馏在柴油加氢装置与干气提浓装置热联合上的应用分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 27-31.
[14]	唐志伟, 刘静, 石英, 陆颖, 肖荣晖, 王昊. 低碳供热技术节能指标与经济效益综合分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 156-162.
[15]	姚良, 李敏霞, 马一太, 刘雪涛, 王启帆, 王派. CO₂跨临界热泵系统热力性能提升与经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2422-2430.

热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统性能

Analysis of heat pump flue gas waste heat recovery and nitrogen reduction system

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 18

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价