循环流化床锅炉外置换热器的研究现状及在垃圾焚烧炉中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0868

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

循环流化床垃圾焚烧炉作为一种新型焚烧处理技术，具有适用范围广、燃烧稳定、排放低等优点。布置外置换热器可以在提高锅炉蒸汽的压力、温度参数及容量的同时避免过热器高温腐蚀，灵活调节床温。虽然目前国内外对外置换热器已有相关研究，但以电站燃煤锅炉为主。垃圾焚烧炉由于锅炉蒸汽的压力和温度参数较低，采用外置换热器还很少。本文综述了带外置换热器的循环流化床垃圾焚烧炉的研究现状，同时介绍了具有相同换热原理、极具参考价值的带外置床的循环流化床燃煤锅炉的国内外研究现状，分析了与床内传热系数、流化特性相关的影响因素，指出在试验和实炉运行时存在受热面出口壁温热偏差较大、边壁区域流化质量不佳的问题，并提出了改进措施。最后总结当前的研究重点，提出了针对试验台和实炉测试的改进措施，并针对垃圾流化床外置换热器的研发提出了研究思路，为今后建设高参数垃圾焚烧炉提供了合理建议。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧炉, 外置换热器, 传热系数, 流化特性, 热偏差

Abstract:

Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator is a new type of incineration technology. The benefits of circulating fluidized bed incinerator include wide application, stable combustion and low emission. High temperature corrosion of the superheater can be avoided and bed temperature can be adjusted flexibly if the boiler steam pressure, temperature parameters and capacity are increased by the arrangement of the external heat exchanger (EHE). Although related researches on external heat exchangers have been done at home and abroad at present, they are mainly focused on coal-fired boilers in power plants. The EHE is seldom used in municipal solid waste (MSW) because of the low boiler steam pressure and temperature parameters. In this paper,research status of CFB incinerator with external heat exchanger were reviewed. The current situation and technical problem of CFB coal-fired boiler with external bed at home and abroad which has same heat exchange principle and great reference value were also introduced. The influencing factors related to the heat transfer coefficient and fluidization characteristics inside EHE were analyzed, problems in experiment and EHE, such as large temperature deviation at the outlet of heating surface and poor fluidization quality in the side wall area were pointed out, the improvement measures were put forward, and the future research idea of external heat exchanger for MSW CFB incinerator was proposed. In the end, the current research emphases were summarized, and the improvement measures for the experiment and EHE test were put forward, which provides reasonable suggestions for the future manufacturing of the high-parameter waste incinerator.

Key words: waste incinerator, external heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient, fluidization characteristics, thermal deviation

中图分类号:

蒋旭光, 魏邦吉, 胡林飞, 王汝佩, 宋菲菲, 陈少卿. 循环流化床锅炉外置换热器的研究现状及在垃圾焚烧炉中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1643-1652.

JIANG Xuguang, WEI Bangji, HU Linfei, WANG Rupei, SONG Feifei, CHEN Shaoqing. Research status of external heat exchanger for circulating fluidized bed boiler and its application and development in garbage furnace[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1643-1652.

图/表 7

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维美德	年份	合作厂家	锅炉类型	适用燃料	功率或处理能力
国内项目	2018	山东淄博绿能新能源有限公司	CFB垃圾焚烧炉	城市垃圾	装机容量70MW
	2019	乌鲁木齐京环环境&能源有限公司	垃圾焚烧炉	垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)	年处理RDF100万吨
国外项目	2014	芬兰Lohja的K-irkniemi纸厂	CFB锅炉	树皮、其他木质燃料和煤	蒸汽装机容量88MW
	2014	芬兰Nokianvirr-an Energia公司	CFB锅炉	生物质	蒸汽生产能力68MW
	2016	日本JFE工程公司	生物质CFB锅炉	木屑、棕榈壳和煤等	75MW
	2016	哥本哈根Amager-v?rket热电厂	生物CFB锅炉	木屑	150MW
	2017	芬兰TSE新NA4发电厂	CFB锅炉	燃煤、木质及农作物生物质、泥炭、固体再生燃料	146MW

维美德	年份	合作厂家	锅炉类型	适用燃料	功率或处理能力
国内项目	2018	山东淄博绿能新能源有限公司	CFB垃圾焚烧炉	城市垃圾	装机容量70MW
	2019	乌鲁木齐京环环境&能源有限公司	垃圾焚烧炉	垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)	年处理RDF100万吨
国外项目	2014	芬兰Lohja的K-irkniemi纸厂	CFB锅炉	树皮、其他木质燃料和煤	蒸汽装机容量88MW
	2014	芬兰Nokianvirr-an Energia公司	CFB锅炉	生物质	蒸汽生产能力68MW
	2016	日本JFE工程公司	生物质CFB锅炉	木屑、棕榈壳和煤等	75MW
	2016	哥本哈根Amager-v?rket热电厂	生物CFB锅炉	木屑	150MW
	2017	芬兰TSE新NA4发电厂	CFB锅炉	燃煤、木质及农作物生物质、泥炭、固体再生燃料	146MW

模型分类	提出年份	主要观点及模型假设条件	补充说明
包更新模型^[30]	1955	相邻粒子间无相对运动；在壁面处没有气膜或固体构成的膜状层作为热阻	只适用于长时间与换热壁面接触的乳化相，后续采用此模型的研究学者均在此基础上进行了补充改进
SPE模型^[31]	2005	认为在壁面与乳化相之间存在一层颗粒通过导热形式换热	球形颗粒可进一步简化为与壁面不直接接触的等效圆柱颗粒
颗粒团更新模型^[32]	2008	颗粒团与壁面之间没有完全接触，中间有一层气膜；既有气体换热也有固体换热	气膜厚度与角度有关，也会在换热过程中被颗粒冲刷而降低，从而强化换热

模型分类	提出年份	主要观点及模型假设条件	补充说明
包更新模型^[30]	1955	相邻粒子间无相对运动；在壁面处没有气膜或固体构成的膜状层作为热阻	只适用于长时间与换热壁面接触的乳化相，后续采用此模型的研究学者均在此基础上进行了补充改进
SPE模型^[31]	2005	认为在壁面与乳化相之间存在一层颗粒通过导热形式换热	球形颗粒可进一步简化为与壁面不直接接触的等效圆柱颗粒
颗粒团更新模型^[32]	2008	颗粒团与壁面之间没有完全接触，中间有一层气膜；既有气体换热也有固体换热	气膜厚度与角度有关，也会在换热过程中被颗粒冲刷而降低，从而强化换热

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