铜渣综合回收利用研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0657

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铜渣是火法炼铜的副产物，中国90%以上的铜是通过火法冶炼生产的，随着科学技术进步和人们生活需要，我国铜产量呈逐年上升的趋势。铜渣中含有大量可回收的有价金属，且铜渣本身也是一种优异的无机材料。综合回收铜渣中有价金属可以减少资源不足带来的压力，对余渣进行资源化利用既能减少环境污染，又能生产出有经济价值的产品。本文分析和讨论了火法贫化、湿法浸出、选矿富集和联合工艺等手段回收铜渣中有价金属的原理、现状和优缺点，总结了铜渣作为硅酸盐无机材料的在建筑材料和功能材料中的应用，并对铜渣未来的金属回收与资源化利用发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 铜渣, 二次资源, 废物处理, 回收

Abstract:

Copper slag is a by-product of pyrometallurgical copper smelting. More than 90% of copper is produced by pyrometallurgical copper smelting. With the progress of science and technology and the needs of people's life, the output of copper in China is increasing year by year. Copper slag contains a lot of recoverable valuable metals, and it is also an excellent inorganic material. The comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in copper slag can reduce the pressure caused by insufficient resources, and the utilization of residual slag can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also produce products with economic value. This paper analyzed and discussed the principle, current situation, advantages and disadvantages of recovering valuable metals from copper slag by means of pyrodilution, wet leaching, beneficiation enrichment and combined process, and summarized the application of copper slag as silicate inorganic materials in building materials and functional materials. The future development direction of metal recovery and resource utilization of copper slag was prospected.

Key words: copper slag, secondary resources, waste treatment, recovery

中图分类号:

TQ09

王林松, 高志勇, 杨越, 韩海生, 王丽, 孙伟. 铜渣综合回收利用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5237-5250.

WANG Linsong, GAO Zhiyong, YANG Yue, HAN Haisheng, WANG Li, SUN Wei. Research progress on comprehensive recovery and utilization of copper slag[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5237-5250.

图/表 7

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铜冶炼方法	Cu	Fe	Fe₃O₄	SiO₂	S	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO
密闭鼓风炉	0.42	29.0	—	38	—	7.5	11	0.74
奥托昆普闪速熔炼	0.78	44.06	—	29.7	1.4	7.8	0.6	—
Inco闪速熔炼	0.9	44.0	10.8	33	1.1	4.72	1.73	1.61
诺兰达法	2.6	40	15	25.1	1.7	5.0	1.5	1.5
瓦纽科夫法	0.5	40	5	34	—	4.2	2.6	1.4
白银法	0.45	35	3.15	35	0.7	3.3	8	1.4
特尼恩特转炉熔炼	4.6	43	20	26.5	0.8	—	—	—
奥斯迈特熔炼	0.65	34	7.5	31	2.8	7.5	5.0	—
三菱法	0.6	38.2	—	32.2	0.6	2.9	5.9	—

铜冶炼方法	Cu	Fe	Fe₃O₄	SiO₂	S	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO
密闭鼓风炉	0.42	29.0	—	38	—	7.5	11	0.74
奥托昆普闪速熔炼	0.78	44.06	—	29.7	1.4	7.8	0.6	—
Inco闪速熔炼	0.9	44.0	10.8	33	1.1	4.72	1.73	1.61
诺兰达法	2.6	40	15	25.1	1.7	5.0	1.5	1.5
瓦纽科夫法	0.5	40	5	34	—	4.2	2.6	1.4
白银法	0.45	35	3.15	35	0.7	3.3	8	1.4
特尼恩特转炉熔炼	4.6	43	20	26.5	0.8	—	—	—
奥斯迈特熔炼	0.65	34	7.5	31	2.8	7.5	5.0	—
三菱法	0.6	38.2	—	32.2	0.6	2.9	5.9	—

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