改性聚乙烯醇添加酒糟制备缓释肥包膜材料的表征及其性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0807

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP），通过溶液共混的方式对聚乙烯醇（PVA）进行改性，添加酒糟（JZ）制备复合包膜材料，并对氮肥进行包膜制备缓释肥料。研究了JZ的添加量对复合包膜材料性能以及包膜肥料缓释性能的影响。结果表明：JZ与各组分之间通过氢键作用相互结合，相容性良好；JZ的添加使复合膜材料热稳定性得到了显著提高；120d PUPZ5复合包膜材料降解率相比未添加JZ提高了20.11%；随着JZ的加入，复合包膜材料的机械性能先增加后下降，当JZ与PVA的质量比为15∶100时复合膜材料的力学性能达到了20.75MPa，比未添加酒糟提高了528.79%，且缓释肥料具有良好的缓释性能，可以通过调节JZ在复合包膜材料中的含量来控制缓释肥料中N的释放速率。

关键词: 聚乙烯醇, 酒糟, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮, 缓释肥料, 复合包膜材料

Abstract:

Composite coating materials were prepared by solution blending with poly(vinyl alcohol )(PVA) as raw material, poly(ethylene pyriloxane)(PVP) as modifier and distillers' grains (JZ) as additive. The coated slow-release fertilizers were prepared by coating nitrogen fertilizer.The effects of JZ addition on the properties of composite coating materials and the slow-release properties of coated fertilizers were studied. Experimental results showed that JZ combined with each component hydrogen-bonded noncovalent interactions and had good compatibility. The addition of JZ significantly enhanced thermal stability of composite coating materials. The degradation rate of 120d PUPZ5 composite coating material was 20.11% higher than that without JZ. With the addition of JZ, the mechanical properties of the composite coating materials increased at first but decreased finally. When the mass ratio of JZ and PVA is 15∶100, the mechanical properties of the composite coating materials was 20.75MPa being 528.79% higher than that of composite coating materials without JZ. Moreover, the slow-release fertilizers had good slow release effect, and the release of urea in the slow-release fertilizers could be controlled by adjusting the content of JZ in the composite coating materials.

Key words: poly(vinyl alcohol), distillers^’grains, poly(ethylene pyriloxanone), slow-release fertilizers, composite coating material

中图分类号:

TB324

储李娜,敖先权,陈前林,郭妤,曹阳. 改性聚乙烯醇添加酒糟制备缓释肥包膜材料的表征及其性能[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(2): 627-634.

Lina CHU,Xianquan AO,Qianlin CHEN,Yu GUO,Yang CAO. Properties and characterization of coating materials for slow-release fertilizers by adding distillers' grains to modified poly(vinyl alcohol)[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(2): 627-634.

图/表 13

表1 包膜材料原料的配方

样品	PVA（质量分数）/%	PVP/PVA（质量分数）/%	JZ∶PVA（质量比）
PVA	7	0	0
PVA/PVP	7	3	0
PUPZ1	7	3	5∶100
PUPZ2	7	3	10∶100
PUPZ3	7	3	15∶100
PUPZ4	7	3	20∶100
PUPZ5	7	3	25∶100

图1 酒糟的电镜照片

图2 复合包膜材料的红外光谱图

图3 PVP、PVA、PVP/PVA以及PVP/PVA/JZ复合包膜材料的TGA和DTG曲线图

图4 不同质量比的JZ与PVA制备的PVA/PVP/JZ复合包膜材料的微观形貌图

表2 PVA及不同配比复合包膜材料的力学性能

样品	拉伸强度/MPa	最大力/N	断裂拉伸应力/%
PVA	126.87	137.20	70.61
PVA/PVP	3.3	63.55	60.67
PUPZ1	10.65	42.25	267.75
PUPZ2	15.9	88.45	366.5
PUPZ3	20.75	120.6	416
PUPZ4	11.05	99.05	392.5
PUPZ5	5.35	50.85	210.5

图5 不同包膜材料吸水性与溶液pH的关系

图6 盐离子类型对复合包膜材料吸水性的影响

图7 盐离子浓度对复合包膜材料吸水性的影响

图8 复合包膜材料的降解率与埋土时间的关系

图9 复合包膜材料降解前后表面形貌变化微观图

图10 25℃水中，PPUZS的氮累计释放率

图11 包膜缓释肥料的微观形貌图

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