煤制天然气酚氨回收工艺分析与探讨

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-1673

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

废水处理问题是限制煤制天然气发展的主要问题，其中酚氨回收单元是影响整个废水处理流程平稳运行的关键因素。本文主要介绍了3种已工业化的酚氨回收工艺，通过分析酚氨回收工艺，发现酚氨回收单元主要存在以下几个共性问题：①总氨脱除效率低，氨产品中酚含量高；②萃取脱酚效率低。拟通过单元优化和工艺改造两方面对上述问题进行解决，因此对酚氨回收工艺提出了相应的优化方案：①增加脱氨塔塔底再沸器的加热负荷，在脱氨单元加入足量或过量的稀碱液，增加脱氨塔塔板与塔顶之间的距离以及在氨精制单元降低第三级分凝罐的操作温度和增设碱洗罐；②寻求高效的萃取剂，在萃取塔之前增设CO₂吸收塔。研究表明，上述优化方案有效地提高了总氨脱除率，降低了氨产品中酚含量，并提高了萃取剂的脱酚效率。

关键词: 煤制天然气, 酚氨回收, 单元优化, 工艺改造

Abstract:

Coal gasification wastewater treatment is the key problem restricting the development of coal-to-SNG, in which phenol and ammonia recovery process is a significant treatment unit that affects the whole wastewater treatment system stable operation. In this paper, three industrial phenol and ammonia recovery processes were introduced. Through the analysis of the phenol ammonia recovery process, it was found that the phenol ammonia recovery unit mainly had the following common problems: ① Low total ammonia removal efficiency, high concentrated phenol in ammonia products, and ② Low efficiency of phenol extraction removal. This paper intended to solve the above problems through unit optimization and process modification, and thus the corresponding optimization scheme for phenol ammonia recovery process was proposed. ① Increasing the reboiler heat duty of wastewater; adding enough or excessive alkali liquor in deamination unit; increasing the distance of 1st plate and the top of the tower; reducing the operating temperature of 3rd partial condenser; and establishing alkali washing tank. ② Develop high efficient phenol extractant and adding CO₂ absorption device. It was shown that the above optimization scheme effectively improved the total ammonia removal rate, reduced the phenol content in the ammonia product, and improved the dephenolization efficiency of the extractant.

Key words: coal-to-SNG, phenol and ammonia recovery process, unit optimization, process modification

中图分类号:

X 703

刘永健, 王波, 夏俊兵, 陈博坤, 杨思宇. 煤制天然气酚氨回收工艺分析与探讨[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(05): 2506-2514.

Yongjian LIU, Bo WANG, Junbing XIA, Bokun CHEN, Siyu YANG. Analysis on phenol and ammonia recovery process applied in coal-to-SNG[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(05): 2506-2514.

图/表 19

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煤制气项目	每年产气量 /亿立方米		废水水量 /t·h^?1
煤制气项目	计划量	现有运行量	计划量	现有运行量
大唐克旗煤制气	40	13.3	1800	550
新疆庆华伊犁煤制气	55	13.75	2400	560
内蒙古汇能鄂尔多斯煤制气	20	4	900	180
新疆新天伊犁煤制气	20	20	900	900

煤制气项目	每年产气量 /亿立方米		废水水量 /t·h^?1
煤制气项目	计划量	现有运行量	计划量	现有运行量
大唐克旗煤制气	40	13.3	1800	550
新疆庆华伊犁煤制气	55	13.75	2400	560
内蒙古汇能鄂尔多斯煤制气	20	4	900	180
新疆新天伊犁煤制气	20	20	900	900

项目	CO₂/mg·L^?1	H₂S/mg·L^?1	总氨/mg·L^?1	总酚/mg·L^?1	多元酚/mg·L^?1	COD_Cr/mg·L^?1
克旗煤制气	4400～6870	270	6600～7100	6600～6950	1350～2700	12500～28900
庆华煤制气	4300～7400	340	6400～6600	6805～7140	1480～3100	8000～17000
新天煤制气	3800～6100	300	3200～4100	5500～6080	2050～2400	11400～20700
哈气化煤制气	3800～8000	200	6700～10200	4500～6500	1500～2500	9500～14500

项目	CO₂/mg·L^?1	H₂S/mg·L^?1	总氨/mg·L^?1	总酚/mg·L^?1	多元酚/mg·L^?1	COD_Cr/mg·L^?1
克旗煤制气	4400～6870	270	6600～7100	6600～6950	1350～2700	12500～28900
庆华煤制气	4300～7400	340	6400～6600	6805～7140	1480～3100	8000～17000
新天煤制气	3800～6100	300	3200～4100	5500～6080	2050～2400	11400～20700
哈气化煤制气	3800～8000	200	6700～10200	4500～6500	1500～2500	9500～14500

项目	CO₂ /mg·L^?1	H₂S /mg·L^?1	总酚 /mg·L^?1	单元酚 /mg·L^?1	多元酚 /mg·L^?1	总氨 /mg·L^?1	游离氨 /mg·L^?1	固定氨 /mg·L^?1	油 /mg·L^?1	pH	COD_Cr /mg·L^?1
入口
设计值	5090	100	5160	3660	1500	6570	470	6100	650	8.8	13576
运行值	1189	332	6750	4750	2000	9140	740	8400	223	9.7	29361
出口
设计值	≤300	≤50	≤500	―	―	≤150	―	―	≤50	≤7	≤3500
运行值	―	―	638	98	540	223	100	123	32	7.4	4331