关键词: 固定床, 渣油加氢, 表面积炭, 催化剂失活

Abstract: Fixed bed residue hydrogenation technology is an important means of making heavy oil lighter. Coke deposition is one of the important reasons leading to catalyst deactivation and shorter running period of residue hydrogenation unit. The source of catalyst coke deposition,the type of coke,the mechanism of coke deposition,the factors affecting coke deposition and the methods to inhibit coke deposition are discussed and outlined. There are two types of coke deposition:soft coke and hard coke,mainly from dehydrogenative condensation reactions of polyaromatic species,such as asphaltene,and these substances adsorb on the catalyst surface easily. The properties of residue oil,catalyst physicochemical characteristics and process condition have important effect on coke formation. Lower viscosity residue oil,the catalyst with bigger pore size and higher hydrogen pressure can reduce coke content. Blending residue oil with low viscosity and high aromaticity distillate in the reaction process can effectively inhibit coke formation. The review provides reference for effectively controlling catalyst coke deposition and prolonging catalyst life time.

Key words: fixed bed, residue hydrogenation, coke deposition, catalyst deactivation