纤维素基空气滤纸的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1519

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着科技与经济的飞速发展，空气中的颗粒物和气体污染物对大气环境以及人类健康带来严重的威胁，因此利用空气过滤系统对空气进行净化从而改善空气质量至关重要。纤维素是世界上含量最丰富、可再生、可生物降解的高分子材料，并且由于还具有多孔性和表面可改性的特征，因此在过滤材料制备领域有广泛的应用前景。本文简述了纯纤维素、表面功能化纤维素以及纤维素复合材料等多种纤维素基空气滤纸的性能和制备方法，并对不同种类的纤维素基空气滤纸的应用场景进行了对比与分类。同时也对纤维素基空气滤纸的过滤机理进行了归纳与总结，并提出采用离子液体或者有机金属框架对纤维素基空气滤纸改性，可提高对特定有机挥发物的吸附能力，进一步在紫外光或者可见光的照射下氧化分解，达到真正意义上解决环境污染问题。

关键词: 纤维素, 滤纸, 改性

Abstract:

With the rapid development of science, technology and the economy, more and more particles in the air pose a serious threat to the atmospheric environment as well as human health. Therefore, it is crucial to utilize air filtration systems to purify the air and thus improve air quality. Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable and biodegradable polymer material in the world, and because cellulose also has the characteristics of surface modification, it has a wide range of applications in the field of filtration material preparation. In this paper, the properties and preparation methods of cellulose based air filter paper, such as pure cellulose, surface functionalized cellulose and cellulose composite materials, were briefly described. At the same time, the filtration mechanism of cellulose based air filter paper was summarized, and it was proposed that ionic liquid or metal organic framework was used to modify cellulose based air filter paper, improve the adsorption capacity of specific organic volatiles, and further oxidize and decompose under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation, so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution in a real sense.

Key words: cellulose, filter paper, modification

中图分类号:

杜雄健, 张程, 余炎子, 张久政, 邓锐, 吴耀华. 纤维素基空气滤纸的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6602-6614.

DU Xiongjian, ZHANG Cheng, YU Yanzi, ZHANG Jiuzheng, DENG Rui, WU Yaohua. Progress in cellulose based air filter paper[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6602-6614.

图/表 8

参考文献 83

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原料	成型方法	过滤效率/%	参考文献
纤维素纳米纤维	冷冻干燥	99.999（0.1~0.2μm）	[7]
纤维素纤维	冷冻干燥	99.78（0.3μm）	[8]
漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆	热干燥	99	[10]
醋酸纤维素	静电纺丝	99.7	[12]
蔗髓薄壁细胞纤维素	高速液相剪切	98（2.5~10μm）	[13]
棉纤维素	静电纺丝	98.749（0.5μm）	[14]
原纤化纤维素	冷冻干燥	99.78（0.3μm）	[15]
纤维素纳米纤维	冷冻干燥	99.6（0.3μm）	[16]
海鞘纳米纤维素	热干燥	99.983（0.3μm）	[17]
羧甲基纳米纤维素	真空抽滤	95	[18]
漂白针叶木浆	冷冻干燥	95.02	[19]
醋酸纤维素	静电纺丝	98.37	[20]
漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆	冷冻干燥	—	[21]
黄麻微晶纤维素	相转换法	85	[22]
纳米纤维素	热干燥	86（0.005μm）	[23]
竹纤维素纳米纤维	真空抽滤	—	[24]
麦秆纤维素纳米纤丝	真空抽滤	98.2	[25]

原料	成型方法	过滤效率/%	参考文献
纤维素纳米纤维	冷冻干燥	99.999（0.1~0.2μm）	[7]
纤维素纤维	冷冻干燥	99.78（0.3μm）	[8]
漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆	热干燥	99	[10]
醋酸纤维素	静电纺丝	99.7	[12]
蔗髓薄壁细胞纤维素	高速液相剪切	98（2.5~10μm）	[13]
棉纤维素	静电纺丝	98.749（0.5μm）	[14]
原纤化纤维素	冷冻干燥	99.78（0.3μm）	[15]
纤维素纳米纤维	冷冻干燥	99.6（0.3μm）	[16]
海鞘纳米纤维素	热干燥	99.983（0.3μm）	[17]
羧甲基纳米纤维素	真空抽滤	95	[18]
漂白针叶木浆	冷冻干燥	95.02	[19]
醋酸纤维素	静电纺丝	98.37	[20]
漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆	冷冻干燥	—	[21]
黄麻微晶纤维素	相转换法	85	[22]
纳米纤维素	热干燥	86（0.005μm）	[23]
竹纤维素纳米纤维	真空抽滤	—	[24]
麦秆纤维素纳米纤丝	真空抽滤	98.2	[25]

原料	改性试剂	滤材改性方法	滤材制备方法	过滤效率/%	参考文献
胡桃木纤维素	3-氨丙基-3-乙氧基硅烷	溶胶-凝胶法改性	旋切木材膜	97.8	[31]
醋酸纤维素	聚酯	溶剂共混	共混静电纺丝	99.87	[32]
TEMPO氧化细菌纤维素	羟基磷灰石	原位浸渍	真空抽滤	>99	[33]
醋酸纤维素	聚丙烯腈	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	99.59	[34]
纳米纤维素	淀粉-二氧化硅	涂层浸渍法	涂层浸渍法	99.9	[35]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚丙烯腈-聚偏氟乙烯	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	98.2	[36]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚醚砜	共混反应	非溶剂相转化法	>99	[37]
纤维素	硬脂酰氯	原位浸渍	传统湿法	>99	[38]
醋酸纤维素	β-环糊精	接枝共聚	沉浸相转化	85.84	[39]
醋酸纤维素	聚丙烯腈	溶胶凝胶相转化法	静电纺丝	>99	[40]
纤维素微/纳米纤维	聚偏氟乙烯	涂覆法	真空抽滤	>99	[41]
TEMPO氧化纤维素	纳米二氧化硅	气相沉积法	抽滤干燥法	—	[42]
纳米纤维素	甲基三甲氧基硅烷	接枝共聚	冷冻干燥	96.8	[43]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚乳酸	熔融共混	平板热压	56	[44]
纤维素	聚环氧乙烯-醋酸铜	原位合成	静电纺丝	98	[45]
纤维素纳米线	乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷	共混	冷冻干燥	99.6	[16]
纳米纤维素晶体	聚醚砜	表面涂覆	冷冻干燥	98	[46]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚乙烯醇-葡甘露聚糖	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	>99	[47]
纳米纤维素	聚乙烯醇	共混	冷冻干燥	90.14	[48]
纳米纤维素晶体	聚丙烯腈	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	98	[49]
硝酸纤维素	聚乙烯醇-二氧化钛	表面涂覆	真空抽滤	98.9	[50]

原料	改性试剂	滤材改性方法	滤材制备方法	过滤效率/%	参考文献
胡桃木纤维素	3-氨丙基-3-乙氧基硅烷	溶胶-凝胶法改性	旋切木材膜	97.8	[31]
醋酸纤维素	聚酯	溶剂共混	共混静电纺丝	99.87	[32]
TEMPO氧化细菌纤维素	羟基磷灰石	原位浸渍	真空抽滤	>99	[33]
醋酸纤维素	聚丙烯腈	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	99.59	[34]
纳米纤维素	淀粉-二氧化硅	涂层浸渍法	涂层浸渍法	99.9	[35]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚丙烯腈-聚偏氟乙烯	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	98.2	[36]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚醚砜	共混反应	非溶剂相转化法	>99	[37]
纤维素	硬脂酰氯	原位浸渍	传统湿法	>99	[38]
醋酸纤维素	β-环糊精	接枝共聚	沉浸相转化	85.84	[39]
醋酸纤维素	聚丙烯腈	溶胶凝胶相转化法	静电纺丝	>99	[40]
纤维素微/纳米纤维	聚偏氟乙烯	涂覆法	真空抽滤	>99	[41]
TEMPO氧化纤维素	纳米二氧化硅	气相沉积法	抽滤干燥法	—	[42]
纳米纤维素	甲基三甲氧基硅烷	接枝共聚	冷冻干燥	96.8	[43]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚乳酸	熔融共混	平板热压	56	[44]
纤维素	聚环氧乙烯-醋酸铜	原位合成	静电纺丝	98	[45]
纤维素纳米线	乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷	共混	冷冻干燥	99.6	[16]
纳米纤维素晶体	聚醚砜	表面涂覆	冷冻干燥	98	[46]
纤维素纳米晶体	聚乙烯醇-葡甘露聚糖	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	>99	[47]
纳米纤维素	聚乙烯醇	共混	冷冻干燥	90.14	[48]
纳米纤维素晶体	聚丙烯腈	共混静电纺丝	共混静电纺丝	98	[49]
硝酸纤维素	聚乙烯醇-二氧化钛	表面涂覆	真空抽滤	98.9	[50]