全预混水冷低氮沼气燃烧器的燃烧特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0820

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沼气是由生物质发酵转化而来的燃气。目前，常见沼气燃烧器主要是扩散式和大气式燃烧器，普遍存在热强度较低、易吹熄等问题。本文基于全预混水冷燃烧技术发明了一种可更换燃烧头的全预混低氮水冷沼气燃烧器，探究沼气中CO₂含量、过量空气系数、热负荷和水冷温度对燃烧器燃烧特性的影响，结果表明所设计的燃烧器对于甲烷浓度在55%~80%的沼气有良好的适应性。随着CO₂含量的增加，燃烧温度降低，出口NO _x 和CO含量降低，但是火焰长度增长；随着过量空气系数降低，燃烧热强度得到改善，但是烟气中NO _x 和CO含量增加；燃烧器热负荷对燃烧温度有较大影响，研究结果表明燃烧器在35%低负荷工况下仍可以稳定运行。

关键词: 水冷, 全预混, 低氮, 燃烧特性

Abstract:

Biogas is a kind of gas transformed by biomass fermentation. At present, the biogas burners are mainly diffused burners and atmospheric burners, which generally have low thermal strength and are easy to blow out. Based on fully premixed water-cooled combustion technology, a kind of water-cooled biogas burner was designed. Then, the effects of CO₂ content, excess air coefficient, heat load and cooling water temperature in simulated biogas on combustion characteristics of burners were explored. The results showed that the designed burner had good adaptability for biogas with methane concentration from 55%—80%. As the CO₂ content increased, the combustion temperature decreased, the NO _x and CO content at the outlet decreased, but the flame length increased. As the excess air coefficient decreased, the combustion heat intensity improved, however, the NO _x and CO content in the flue gas increased. The result showed that the heat load of burner had a great influence on the maximum combustion temperature. The burner could still operate stably under the minimum load of 35%.

Key words: water cooled, fully premixed, low NO _x, combustion characteristics

中图分类号:

TK16

张兴邦, 薛艳芳, 王云刚, 焦健, 刘羽飞, 张益嘉. 全预混水冷低氮沼气燃烧器的燃烧特性[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(S1): 77-84.

ZHANG Xingbang, XUE Yanfang, WANG Yungang, JIAO Jian, LIU Yufei, ZHANG Yijia. Combustion characteristics of fully premixed water-cooled low-NO _x biogas burner[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(S1): 77-84.

图/表 14

图1 全预混水冷沼气燃烧器结构示意图

表1 沼气燃烧器相关设计参数

序号	参数	数值
1	翅片管圆心距燃烧头中心距离(D)/mm	160
2	翅片管长度(L)/mm	699
3	翅片高度(h)/mm	1.5
4	最大燃烧面积(S₀)/mm²	212942.0
5	翅片间隙流速(v)/m·s^-1	2.8
6	翅片管总数(N)	28
7	翅片管间流道的水力直径(d)/mm	2.3
8	所需燃烧面积(S₁)/mm²	215627.2

图2 全预混水冷沼气燃烧器实验系统

表2 实验仪器仪表情况

设备名称	型号	测量范围	精度
涡轮流量计	ZYK-L80-1	0.07~60m³/h	1.0%~1.5%
涡街流量计	LUGB-DN20	6~30m³/h	±1.5%
数字温度计	DTM-180A	-50~200℃	±0.1℃ （体积分数）
烟气分析仪（测量O₂）	testo 330	0~21% （体积分数）	±0.2%
烟气分析仪（测量CO和NO）	testo 330	0~0.4%	±0.002%
K型热电偶	SMPW-GG-K	-200~1350℃	±0.004

图3 α=1.30条件下CO2体积分数对燃烧特性的影响

图4 α=1.25条件下CO2体积分数对燃烧特性的影响

图5 α=1.20条件下CO2体积分数对燃烧特性的影响

图6 α=1.15条件下CO2体积分数对燃烧特性的影响

图7 燃烧温度对出口NO x 含量的影响

图8 过量空气系数对燃烧温度的影响

图9 过量空气系数对出口CO浓度的影响

图10 过量空气系数对出口NO x 浓度的影响

图11 热负荷对燃烧参数的影响

图12 冷却水温度对燃烧特性的影响

参考文献 25

1	WEILAND Peter. Biogas production: Current state and perspectives[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2010, 85(4): 849-860.
2	包海军. 我国沼气提纯技术及生物天然气产业发展情况[J]. 中国沼气, 2021, 39(1): 54-58.
	BAO Haijun. Biogas purification technology and development of biogas industry in China[J]. China Biogas, 2021, 39(1): 54-58.
3	BOVE Roberto, LUNGHI Piero. Electric power generation from landfill gas using traditional and innovative technologies[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2006, 47(11/12): 1391-1401.
4	SCARLAT Nicolae, DALLEMAND Jean-François, FAHL Fernando. Biogas: Developments and perspectives in Europe[J]. Renewable Energy, 2018, 129: 457-472.
5	李景明, 徐文勇, 李冰峰, 等. 关于中国沼气行业发展困境和出路的思考[J]. 可再生能源, 2020, 38(12): 1563-1568.
	LI Jingming, XU Wenyong, LI Bingfeng, et al. The development dilemma and way out of China's biogas industry[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2020, 38(12): 1563-1568.
6	ZHEN H S, LEUNG C W, CHEUNG C S. A comparison of the heat transfer behaviors of biogas-H₂ diffusion and premixed flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(2): 1137-1144.
7	李建设，冯良，董劲松．沼气热水器采用全预混燃烧系统的试验研究[J]. 煤气与热力, 2011, 31(9): 65-67.
	LI Jianshe, FENG Liang, DONG Jinsong. Experimental research of biogas water heater with pre-aerated combustion system[J]. Gas & Heat, 2011, 31(9): 65-67.
8	EFFUGGI Alessandro, GELOSA Davino, DERUDI Marco, et al. Mild combustion of methane-derived fuel mixtures: Natural gas and biogas[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2008, 180(3): 481-493.
9	徐通模. 燃烧学[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2011.
	XU Tongmo. Combustion[M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011.
10	王恩宇, 张伟. 沼气多孔介质燃烧换热器的燃烧换热特性研究[J].河北工业大学学报, 2024, 53(3): 51-57, 64.
	WANG Enyu, ZHANG Wei. Study on characteristics of biogas porous medium combustion heat exchanger[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Technology, 2024, 53(3): 51-57, 64.
11	同济大学. 燃气燃烧与应用[M] 3版. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2000.
	Tongji University. Gas combustion and its application[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2000.
12	曹甄俊, 朱彤. 稀释气体对甲烷层流预混火焰燃烧速度的影响[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 39(10): 1557-1562.
	CAO Zhenjun, ZHU Tong. Effects of diluents addition on laminar burning velocity of premixed methane flames[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science), 2011, 39(10): 1557-1562.
13	ZENG Wen, LIU Jing, MA Hongan, et al. Experimental study on the flame propagation and laminar combustion characteristics of landfill gas[J]. Energy, 2018, 158: 437-448.
14	MA Jinshuang, QI Chuanjia, LUO Siyi, et al. Numerical simulation of the influence of CO₂ on the combustion characteristics and NO _x of biogas[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022, 9: 811037.
15	WANG Xi, ZHENG Ligang, WANG Jian, et al. Effect of propane addition and oxygen enrichment on the flame characteristics of biogas[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(6): 5015-5025.
16	LEONOV E S, TRUBAEV P. Analysis of biogas content influence on the flame properties[C]. International Scientific and Technical Conference ICES 2020, Russia, 2021.
17	陈旭, 朱永郁, 陶军, 等. 低氮燃烧器的NO _x 排放性能及运行优化[J].化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 1069-1076.
	CHEN Xu, ZHU Yongyu, TAO Jun, et al. NO _x emission performance and operation optimization of low nitrogen burner[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 1069-1076.
18	SAHIN Murat, ILBAS Mustafa. Analysis of the effect of H₂O content on combustion behaviours of a biogas fuel[J]. international Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(5): 3651-3659.
19	DEVI Sangjukta, SAHOO Niranjan, MUTHUKUMAR P. Combustion of biogas in porous radiant burner: Low emission combustion[J]. Energy Procedia, 2019, 158: 1116-1121.
20	LI Xing, XIE Shengrong, ZHANG Jing, et al. Combustion characteristics of non-premixed CH₄/CO₂ jet flames in coflow air at normal and elevated temperatures[J]. Energy, 2021, 214: 118981.
21	LI Jun, HUANG Hongyu, HUHETAOLI, et al. Combustion and heat release characteristics of biogas under hydrogen-and oxygen-enriched condition[J]. Energies, 2017, 10(8): 1200.
22	杨玉地, 李文韬, 钱永康, 等. 工业燃烧室天然气湍流扩散火焰长度影响因素分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 267-275.
	YANG Yudi, LI Wentao, QIAN Yongkang, et al. Analysis of influencing factors of natural gas turbulent diffusion flame length in industrial combustion chamber[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 267-275.
23	王宁, 邓世丰, 曲腾, 等. 全预混紧凑缝隙式水冷燃气锅炉燃烧特性模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4871-4881.
	WANG Ning, DENG Shifeng, QU Teng, et al. Simulation on combustion characteristics of fully premixed water-cooling gas boiler with compact slit structure [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4871-4881.
24	SIVRI Ilker, YILMAZ Harun, Omer CAM, et al. Combustion and emission characteristics of premixed biogas mixtures: An experimental study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(24): 12377-12392.
25	伯纳德·刘易斯, 京特·冯·埃尔贝. 燃气燃烧与瓦斯爆炸[M]. 王方, 译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.
	BERNARD Lewis, GÜNTER Von Elbe. Flame and explosion of gases[M]. WANG Fang, trans. Beijing: China Building Architecture & Building Press, 2007.

[1]	王宁, 邓世丰, 曲腾, 邵怀爽, 赵钦新. 全预混紧凑缝隙式水冷燃气锅炉燃烧特性模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4871-4881.
[2]	邓磊, 袁茂博, 杨家辉, 岳洋, 姜家豪, 车得福. 适应锅炉调峰运行的水冷壁高温腐蚀预测模型[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(2): 925-936.
[3]	庞力平, 袁虎, 丘文生, 段立强, 李文学. 深度调峰锅炉水动力特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1708-1718.
[4]	张群力, 汪玉诗, 翟洪宝, 郭颖杰, 张秋月, 黄昊天. 热泵型烟气余热回收及降氮系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6600-6608.
[5]	付春龙, 王松江, 李国智. 煤气化细渣燃烧技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 516-523.
[6]	杨济凡, 张守玉, 曹忠耀, 郎森, 刘思梦, 周义, 胡南, 吴玉新. 水热氧化预处理对棉秆成型颗粒理化性质的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4417-4424.
[7]	夏鑫, 蔺建民, 李妍, 陶志平. 氨混合燃料体系的性能研究现状[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2332-2339.
[8]	陈旭, 朱永郁, 陶军, 王春华. 低氮燃烧器的NO_x排放性能及运行优化[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 1069-1076.
[9]	于英利, 付旭晨, 戴莹莹, 荣俊, 高正平, 蔡斌, 胡俊虎. 燃煤电站锅炉水冷壁壁面高温腐蚀问题分析与对策[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S1): 90-96.
[10]	陈国华, 张心语, 周志航, 曾涛. 两池火耦合作用下柴油拱顶罐热响应的数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(11): 4342-4350.
[11]	陈赛, 贾明生, 郭明高, 刘高珍. SNCR脱硝技术在液态排渣煤粉工业锅炉中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(10): 4290-4296.
[12]	梁淼,张明建,鲁端峰,朱晋永,梁财,李斌,王兵,张柯. 热解温度对竹粉炭理化结构及燃烧性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(1): 278-286.
[13]	闫业成, 井传明, 宋占龙, 赵希强, 王文龙, 毛岩鹏, 孙静. 热风和微波干燥对煤泥品质的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(s1): 122-127.
[14]	王志宁,杨协和,张扬,金燕,张海,吕俊复. 内/外烟气再循环对天然气燃烧NO_x生成的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(9): 4327-4334.
[15]	王博飞, 李舒宏. 光伏光热一体化系统流量的分析与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(10): 3826-3831.