“双碳”目标背景下广东农林废弃物综合利用技术进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2293

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

广东农林废弃物资源丰富，推动农林废弃物多途径资源化利用符合国家节能减排、绿色循环发展的要求，也是广东城乡环境保护及治理的重大任务，对助力国家“双碳”目标也具有重要意义。本文综述了农林废物直燃/气化发电、制备沼气/绿氢、制备能源化学品及电化学应用等资源化利用工艺路径，解析了不同技术路径发展现状及存在问题，探讨了农林废弃物多途径资源化利用的发展前景，提出了促进农林废弃物资源化利用行业发展的建议。广东农林废弃物多途径高效资源化利用的发展，以期为实现我国“双碳”目标约束条件下生物质能源转型发展提供普适模型和理论支撑。

关键词: 废物处理, 化学过程, 再生能源, 甲烷, 电化学转化

Abstract:

Guangdong is rich in agricultural and forestry waste resources. Promoting the multi-channel resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste conforms to the national requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and green development, and is a major task of environmental protection and governance in urban and rural areas of Guangdong. It is also of great significance to help the “double carbon” strategy. This paper reviews the energy and chemicals production from agriculture and forestry waste resource via the technology route of direct combustion/gasification power generation, methane, green hydrogen, biodiesel fuel and methanol preparation as well as the electrochemical application. Also, the development and challenges of different technical paths are analyzed to reveal the utilization prospects of agricultural and forestry wastes resource. Finally, we propose suggestions to promote the development of agriculture and forestry waste resource utilization. It is expected to provide a universal model and theoretical support for the conversion and development of biomass energy under the constraint of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, promoting the multi-channel efficient resource utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes in Guangdong.

Key words: waste treatment, hydrogen production, chemical processes, methane, electrochemical conversion

中图分类号:

徐漓, 吴玉锋, 张元甲, 胡双清. “双碳”目标背景下广东农林废弃物综合利用技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5648-5660.

XU Li, WU Yufeng, ZHANG Yuanjia, HU Shuangqing. Progress of comprehensive utilization technology of agricultural and forestry wastes in Guangdong under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(11): 5648-5660.

图/表 15

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农作物	收获面积/万亩	亩产公斤/亩	总产量/万吨
经济作物	3427.98
甘蔗/糖蔗	225.16	5803	1306.60
油料作物/花生	536.16	219	117.30
麻类	0.09	212	0.02
烟叶	23.77	163	3.88
中草药材	84.57	491	41.53
蔬菜及食用菌	2088.37	1846	3855.73
瓜果类（果用瓜）	64.70	2026	131.06
其他农作物/木薯	405.16	—	—
粮食作物	3471.80
稻谷	3319.50	386	1279.90
玉米	120.08	303	54.54
大豆	31.79	183	8.71
小麦	0.42	233	0.15

农作物	收获面积/万亩	亩产公斤/亩	总产量/万吨
经济作物	3427.98
甘蔗/糖蔗	225.16	5803	1306.60
油料作物/花生	536.16	219	117.30
麻类	0.09	212	0.02
烟叶	23.77	163	3.88
中草药材	84.57	491	41.53
蔬菜及食用菌	2088.37	1846	3855.73
瓜果类（果用瓜）	64.70	2026	131.06
其他农作物/木薯	405.16	—	—
粮食作物	3471.80
稻谷	3319.50	386	1279.90
玉米	120.08	303	54.54
大豆	31.79	183	8.71
小麦	0.42	233	0.15

单位项目	地点	装机容量/MW	原料
广东粤电湛江生物质发电有限公司	湛江	2×50，直燃发电机组	树皮、枝叶、树根、秸秆、甘蔗叶、皮壳等农林废弃物
韶能集团新丰旭能生物质能发电工程	韶关	120，直燃发电机组	树皮、枝叶、树根、秸秆、甘蔗叶、皮壳等农林废弃物
潮州市环保发电厂项目	潮州	35	生活垃圾
珠海市环保生物质热电工程项目	珠海	60	生活垃圾
茂名电白绿能环保发电项目	茂名	50	生活垃圾
信宜市绿能环保发电项目	茂名	24	生活垃圾
汕头市澄海洁源垃圾发电厂扩建项目	汕头市	25	生活垃圾
汕头市潮阳区生活垃圾焚烧发电厂BOT二期扩建项目	汕头市	25	生活垃圾

单位项目	地点	装机容量/MW	原料
广东粤电湛江生物质发电有限公司	湛江	2×50，直燃发电机组	树皮、枝叶、树根、秸秆、甘蔗叶、皮壳等农林废弃物
韶能集团新丰旭能生物质能发电工程	韶关	120，直燃发电机组	树皮、枝叶、树根、秸秆、甘蔗叶、皮壳等农林废弃物
潮州市环保发电厂项目	潮州	35	生活垃圾
珠海市环保生物质热电工程项目	珠海	60	生活垃圾
茂名电白绿能环保发电项目	茂名	50	生活垃圾
信宜市绿能环保发电项目	茂名	24	生活垃圾
汕头市澄海洁源垃圾发电厂扩建项目	汕头市	25	生活垃圾
汕头市潮阳区生活垃圾焚烧发电厂BOT二期扩建项目	汕头市	25	生活垃圾

研究者	研究内容	研究成果
Vispute等^[36]（2010）	生物质快速热解制备生物油及化学品	采用加氢和沸石催化相结合的综合催化方法，将生物质热解油转化为化学品原料
Cheng等^[37]（2012）	生物质催化热解制备化学品	采用双功能Ga/ZSM-5催化剂快速催化热解木质纤维素生物质制备芳香族化合物
Zhang等^[38]（2015）	生物质微波转化制备化学品	研究了微波辅助下木质素模型化合物在离子液体中转化为芳香族化合物
Yang等^[39]（2007）	生物质热解特性	解析了纤维素、半纤维素和木质素热解特征及演化规律
Wang等^[40]（2017）	生物质热解机理	解析了生物质热解机理模型及反应路线
Li等^[41]（2017）	生物质气化制氢	钙基和镍基吸附强化玉米秸秆水蒸气气化制氢
Lu等^[42]（2018）	生物质热解机理	纤维素快速热解特征链端和脱水单元的作用机理
Dou等^[43]（2020）	生物质热解制液体燃料	Co-Zn-β沸石催化剂催化转化硫酸盐木质素制备液体燃料
Shan等^[44]（2018） Xing等^[45]（2016）	生物质催化热解制备液体燃料	铜、钾催化农林废弃物制备生物油及生物柴油
Lang等^[10]（2019）	生物质气化兆瓦级应用	1MW固定床生物质气化飞灰及焦油脱除
Zhuang等^[46]（2019）	生物质气化制合成气及氢焦	生物废物衍生氢焦结构-反应关系对后续热解气化性能影响
Wang等^[47]（2016）	生物质气化合成二甲醚及液体燃料	生物质气化制备二甲醚、汽油为一体的生物质制液体燃料的实验装置
Zhang等^[48]（2017）	生物质合成气催化合成气汽油	采用Ni/ASA催化剂将生物质合成气低聚反应制备富烯烃汽油系列碳氢化合物
Wei等^[49]（2022）	生物质化学链气化	基于负碳排放的生物质化学链气化制备合成气，裂解CO₂
Zhang等^[50]（2018）	生物质制低碳烯烃	Fe改性ZSM-5催化剂催化生物质向制备低碳烯烃