有机硅、有机氟低表面能防污涂料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2038

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 5286-5298.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2038

有机硅、有机氟低表面能防污涂料研究进展

关永昕¹^,²(), 周强¹^,³, 陈立义², 李慧², 刘小楠¹^,³()

^1.四川轻化工大学化学工程学院，四川自贡 643000
^2.中昊晨光化工研究院有限公司，四川自贡 643201
^3.全国循环经济工程实验室，四川自贡 643000

收稿日期:2022-11-20 修回日期:2022-12-18 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-11
通讯作者: 刘小楠
作者简介:关永昕（1995—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为含氟涂料。E-mail：dawnluke@163.com。
基金资助:
四川省重点研发项目(2022YFG0134);晨光高性能氟材料创新中心开放课题(E10204616);五粮液集团支持项目(E10204623);精细化工助剂及表面活性剂四川省高校重点实验室开放基金(2022JXY02);四川轻化工大学晨光高性能氟材料创新中心开放基金(SCFY2202);四川轻化工大学研究生创新基金(Y2022017)

Research progress of organic silicon and organic fluorine low surface energy antifouling coatings

GUAN Yongxin¹^,²(), ZHOU Qiang¹^,³, CHEN Liyi², LI Hui², LIU Xiaonan¹^,³()

^1.College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China
^2.Zhonghao Chenguang Chemical Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Zigong 643201, Sichuan, China
^3.National Engineering Laboratory of Circular Economy, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-11-20 Revised:2022-12-18 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-11
Contact: LIU Xiaonan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海洋污损为人类探索海洋带来了巨大的困难与挑战。随着世界环保要求日趋严格，传统有机锡等高毒防污涂料已逐渐被淘汰。新型低表面能防污技术以其具有的环境友好性成为未来海洋防污技术的发展趋势。本文介绍了海洋污损的形成原因和低表面能防污涂料的防污机理，综述了有机硅和有机氟两种常见的低表面能防污涂料目前的研究进展。有机硅防污涂料目前的研究以小分子硅油改性和改性涂料基体为主，仍然面临平衡涂料防污性能与力学性能的难题；有机氟防污涂料研究以含氟丙烯酸酯和全氟聚醚为主，但应用效果不佳，将含氟基团和全氟聚醚等氟聚合物引入有机硅基聚合物获得了不错的防污效果。分析表明：低表面能防污涂料具有广阔前景，有机硅防污涂料是未来研究的重点，有机氟防污涂料需要结合有机硅防污涂料开展进一步研究。

关键词: 低表面能, 防污涂料, 有机硅, 有机氟

Abstract:

Marine fouling brings great difficulties and challenges to human exploration of the ocean. With the increasingly strict environmental requirements in the world, traditional high toxic antifouling coatings such as organic tin have been gradually eliminated. New low surface energy antifouling technology has become the development trend of marine antifouling technology in the future due to its environmental friendliness. This paper introduced the cause of marine fouling and the antifouling mechanism of low surface energy antifouling coatings, and summarized the current research progress of two common low surface energy antifouling coatings, organic silicon and organic fluorine. At present, the research of organosilicon antifouling coatings mainly focused on the modification of small molecular silicone oil and the modified coating matrix, and still faced the problem of balancing the antifouling properties and mechanical properties of coatings. The research of organic fluorine antifouling coating mainly focused on fluoroacrylate and perfluoropolyether, but the application effect was poor. The introduction of fluoropolymer such as fluoro group and perfluoropolyether into organic silicon based polymer had achieved good antifouling effect. The analysis showed that the low surface energy antifouling coating had broad prospects. The organosilicon antifouling coating was the key of future research, and the organofluorine antifouling coating needed to be further studied in combination with the organosilicon antifouling coating.

Key words: low surface energy, antifouling coatings, organic silicon, organic fluorine

中图分类号:

TQ637.2

关永昕, 周强, 陈立义, 李慧, 刘小楠. 有机硅、有机氟低表面能防污涂料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5286-5298.

GUAN Yongxin, ZHOU Qiang, CHEN Liyi, LI Hui, LIU Xiaonan. Research progress of organic silicon and organic fluorine low surface energy antifouling coatings[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5286-5298.

图/表 18

图1 燃料消耗与表面粗糙度的关系[2]

表1 防污涂料的优缺点对比

涂料类别	机理	优点	缺点
化学防污涂料	添加对海洋污损生物有抑制作用的添加剂	直接作用于污损生物附着阶段	对海洋环境有明显的副作用
物理防污涂料	降低船体表面能，使海洋污损生物难以附着	环境友好，不使用化学助剂就能产生防污效果	静态防污效果不佳，涂料机械性能不佳
生物防污涂料	添加天然产物抑制海洋污损生物或利用仿生学原理降低表面能	兼具化学防污和物理防污的优点	提取工序复杂、成本高，防污性能有限

图2 海洋污损形成示意图[12]

图3 低表面能涂料在Baier曲线上分布[16]

图4 污损物质脱落方式示意图

图5 甲基硅油、甲基氟硅油和苯基硅油对于防污性能的影响[24]

图6 PSO添加量对污损生物去除率的影响[25]

图7 改性后涂层应力应变曲线[26]

图8 PDMS\IS700\o-PDMS\i-PMDS等样品的污垢增长趋势图[27]

图9 PDMS-zPDEM的合成路径[30]

图10 辉光PDMS复合防污涂层的光学能力[32]

图11 聚氨酯改性有机硅涂层的AFM图[33]

图12 具有自修复功能的PDMS-PUU改性涂料合成路线[34]

图13 玻璃片\PDMS涂料\苯并噻唑改性PDMS涂料的附着实验对比[34]

图14 水性疏水丙烯酸树脂合成过程[42]

图15 全氟聚醚/硅油与水（硝酸铜染色）互溶性能比较[45]

图16 PFPE（紫）接枝在PGMA（黄）和接触润湿液体[46]

图17 随着两性离子含量升高细菌离子密度降低[47]

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有机硅、有机氟低表面能防污涂料研究进展

Research progress of organic silicon and organic fluorine low surface energy antifouling coatings

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