压裂用耐温乳液稠化剂的制备及性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1371

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为发展耐温疏水聚合物压裂液体系，本文在丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）中引入了疏水单体甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯来提高稠化剂的耐温性，合成了聚合物稠化剂PAS。实验结果表明，制备改性聚合物的条件为：单体占总质量的30%，乳化剂占油相的10%，亲水亲油平衡值（HLB）为6，引发剂占单体质量的0.2%，油水相比为1∶2。其黏均分子量为450×10⁴g/mol。测试了该聚合物1.5%的浓度在120℃、170s^-1下剪切1.5h后黏度保持在80mPa·s，具有较好的耐温性，并具有剪切回复性能；其粒径分布为500~1200nm；在破胶剂过硫酸钾的用量为0.03%时，在90℃下，其黏度可以下降到5mPa·s，完成破胶。

关键词: 压裂液, 耐温性, 稠化剂, 耐剪切性, 破胶性

Abstract:

In order to develop the heat-resistant hydrophobic polymer fracturing fluid system, in this paper, hydrophobic monomer octadecyl methacrylate was introduced into acrylamide acrylic acid AMPS to improve the temperature resistance of thickeners, and the polymer thickeners PAS was synthesized. The experimental results showed that the preparation conditions of modified polymer were as follows: monomer accounted for 30% of the total mass, emulsifier accounted for 10% of the oil phase, hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) was 6, initiator accounted for 0.2% of the total mass of monomer, and oil water ratio was 1∶2. Its viscosity-average molecular weight was 450×10⁴g/mol. The viscosity of the polymer at 1.5% concentration remained at 80mPa·s after shearing for 1.5h at 120℃ and 170s^-1. The polymer had good temperature resistance and shear recovery performance. Its particle size distribution was 500—1200nm. When the amount of potassium persulfate as gel breaker was 0.03%, the viscosity could be reduced to 5mPa·s at 90℃, reaching glue breaking.

Key words: fracturing fluid, temperature resistance, thickener, shear resistance, gel-breaking property

中图分类号:

TE357.1

周亚峰, 杨江, 马诚, 刘海玲. 压裂用耐温乳液稠化剂的制备及性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2647-2654.

ZHOU Yafeng, YANG Jiang, MA Cheng, LIU Hailing. Preparation and properties of heat resistant emulsion thickener for fracturing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2647-2654.

图/表 13

表1 乳化剂用量与乳液稳定性的关系

乳化剂用量 /%	乳液稳定性
5	静置3~5h后分层，上层少量乳白色液体，下层为胶块
7	静置3~5h后分层，上层乳白色液体，下层为胶块
9	静置3~5h后分层，上层乳白色液体，下层为少量胶块
10	乳白色乳液稳定
13	乳白色乳液稳定

图1 乳化剂用量与乳液稳定性的关系图

图2 疏水单体用量与特性黏度的关系

图3 引发剂用量与特性黏度的关系

图4 聚合物浓度和黏度关系曲线

图5 AM、SMA、AMPS和PAS的红外光谱图

图6 聚合物PAS的核磁共振氢谱图

图7 聚合物的热重曲线

图8 乳液聚合物溶液的粒径分布图

图9 温度对聚合物溶液表观黏度的影响

图10 剪切速率对聚合物表观黏度的影响

图11 聚合物表观黏度剪切回复性能曲线

图12 聚合物溶液的破胶性能

参考文献 26

1	YAN Siming, WANG Yongji, HE Jia, et al. Performance of the reproducible polyvinyl alcohol fracturing fluid system[J]. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2015, 88(11): 1884-1891.
2	SOKHAL Kamaljit Singh, GANGACHARYULU Dasaroju, BULASARA Vijaya Kumar. Effect of guar gum and salt concentrations on drag reduction and shear degradation properties of turbulent flow of water in a pipe[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 181: 1017-1025.
3	蒋其辉, 杨向同, 于筱溪, 等.国内外滑溜水减阻剂研究进展[J].化学工业与工程, 2022, 39(2): 76-83.
	JIANG Qihui, YANG Xiangtong, YU Xiaoxi, et al. Research progresses of slick-water drag reducer at home and abroad[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2022, 39(2): 76-83.
4	YANG Bo, ZHAO Jinzhou, MAO Jincheng, et al. Review of friction reducers used in slickwater fracturing fluids for shale gas reservoirs[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2019, 62: 302-313.
5	DU Juan, LIU Jinming, ZHAO Liqiang, et al. Water-soluble polymers for high-temperature resistant hydraulic fracturing: A review[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2022, 104: 104673.
6	DU Anqi, MAO Jincheng, ZHANG Heng, et al. A novel hydrophobically associating polymer based on twin-tailed amphiphilic monomer: Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 341: 117293.
7	楚丹丹. 耐温耐盐卤水减阻剂的合成与性能研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2015.
	CHU Dandan. Study on the synthesis and properties of the heat and salt resistant drag reduction in hrine[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2015.
8	代雅兴, 张艺夕, 张丰润泽, 等. 耐盐抗剪切型聚丙烯酰胺降阻剂的制备及研究现状[J]. 现代化工, 2022, 42(2): 97-101.
	DAI Yaxing, ZHANG Yixi, ZHANG Fengrunze, et al. Preparation and research status of salt-tolerant, shear-resistant polyacrylamide drag reducer[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2022, 42(2): 97-101.
9	XUE J J, ZHU Z Y, OUYANG J, et al. Synthesis and properties of a novel salt-resistant block copolymer aps for oilfield fracturing thickening agent[C]// QU Z, LIN J. Proceedings of the international field exploration and development conference 2017. Singapore: Springer, 2019: 629-640.
10	陈磊, 鲍文辉, 郭布民, 等. 耐高温海水基压裂液稠化剂性能评价[J].油田化学, 2020, 37(1): 17-21, 28.
	CHEN Lei, BAO Wenhui, GUO Bumin, et al. Performance evaluation of thickener for seawater-based fracturing fluid with high temperature[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2020, 37(1): 17-21, 28.
11	YAN S M, TANG J, YAN S D, et al. Preparation and performance of novel temperature-resistant thickening agent[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2018, 29(3): 1022-1029.
12	ZHAO Tianhong, XING Jiyue, DONG Zhiming, et al. Synthesis of polyacrylamide with superb salt-thickening performance[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(43): 10568-10574.
13	兰昌文, 刘通义, 唐文越, 等. 一种压裂用水溶性减阻剂的研究[J]. 石油化工应用, 2016, 35(2): 119-122.
	LAN Changwen, LIU Tongyi, TANG Wenyue, et al. The research of the water-soluble DRA used in fracturing[J]. Petrochemical Industry Application, 2016, 35(2): 119-122.
14	刘刚,罗健生,李超.超低油水比油包水乳液的探索性制备及评价[J]. 广东化工, 2018, 45(2): 75-76, 62.
	LIU Gang, LUO Jiansheng, LI Chao. Exploratory preparation and evaluation of water-in-oil emulsion with ultra low oil/water ratio[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2018, 45(2): 75-76, 62.
15	KAZEMZADEH Yousef, ISMAIL Ismail, REZVANI Hosein, et al. Experimental investigation of stability of water in oil emulsions at reservoir conditions: Effect of ion type, ion concentration, and system pressure[J]. Fuel, 2019, 243: 15-27.
16	吴伟, 刘平平, 孙昊, 等. AAMS-1疏水缔合聚合物压裂液稠化剂合成与应用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2016, 33(5): 114-118.
	WU Wei, LIU Pingping, SUN Hao, et al. Synthesis and application of a hydrophobically associating polymer viscosifier for fracturing fluids[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2016, 33(5): 114-118.
17	张锋三, 沈一丁, 吴金桥, 等. 水包水型疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺增稠剂的合成及在压裂中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(8): 3058-3065.
	ZHANG Fengsan, SHEN Yiding, WU Jinqiao, et al. Synthesis of water-in-water hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide and its application in fracturing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(8): 3058-3065.
18	TAHA Ahmed, AHMED Eman, ISMAIEL Amr, et al. Ultrasonic emulsification: An overview on the preparation of different emulsifiers-stabilized emulsions[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2020, 105: 363-377.
19	LOBO L, WASAN D T. Mechanisms of aqueous foam stability in the presence of emulsified non-aqueous-phase liquids: Structure and stability of the pseudoemulsion film[J]. Langmuir, 1993, 9(7): 1668-1677.
20	ZHAO Han, KANG Wanli, YANG Hongbin, et al. Emulsification and stabilization mechanism of crude oil emulsion by surfactant synergistic amphiphilic polymer system[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021, 609: 125726.
21	ADEWUNMI A A, SOLLING T, SULTAN A S, et al. Emulsified acid systems for oil well stimulation: A review[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208: 109569.
22	KIANFAR Sh, KESHTKAR A R, ZARENEZHAD B. Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto cross-linked (alginate/polyvinyl alcohol) beads initiated by potassium persulfate: Synthesis and artificial neural network modeling[J]. Polymer Bulletin, 2021, 78(1): 295-311.
23	BEDNARZ Szczepan, Angelika WESOŁOWSKA-PIĘTAK, Rafał KONEFAŁ, et al. Persulfate initiated free-radical polymerization of itaconic acid: Kinetics, end-groups and side products[J]. European Polymer Journal, 2018, 106: 63-71.
24	曹同玉，刘庆普，胡金生.聚合物乳液合成原理性能及应用[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2007.
	CAO Tongyu, LIU Qingpu, HU Jinsheng. Principle, properties and application of polymer emulsion synthesis[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2007.
25	安毅, 田哲熙, 刘灏亮, 等.过硫化物对压裂液破胶性能的实验研究[J]. 化学工程师, 2017, 31(7): 15-18.
	AN Yi, TIAN Zhexi, LIU Haoliang, et al. Experimental study on the fracture performance of the fracturing fluid by the over sulfide[J]. Chemical Engineer, 2017, 31(7): 15-18.
26	周逸凝, 崔伟香, 杨江, 等.一种新型超分子复合压裂液的性能研究[J]. 油田化学, 2015, 32(2): 180-184.
	ZHOU Yining, CUI Weixiang, YANG Jiang, et al. Performance evaluation of a novel supramolecular fracturing fluid[J]. Oilfield Chemistry, 2015, 32(2): 180-184.

[1]	张艺夕, 张丰润泽, 桑宇彤, 郑憬希, 刘学敏, 张华, 张鹏. 适合北方冬季施工的清洁压裂液应用现状及思考[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 5003-5010.
[2]	张传保, 王彦玲, 陈孟鑫, 梁诗南, 史文静. 耐高温胍胶压裂液及其对储层的伤害机理研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5912-5924.
[3]	潘一, 夏晨, 杨双春, 马欣. 耐高温水基压裂液研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(04): 1913-1920.
[4]	郭辉, 庄玉伟, 褚艳红, 曹健, 赵根锁, 张国宝. 双子表面活性剂类清洁压裂液的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(08): 3155-3163.
[5]	黄福芝, 周倩. 诱导聚结法过硫酸铵缓释微胶囊的制备[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(08): 3076-3085.
[6]	潘一, 王瞳煜, 杨双春, 王世栋, ABDUL QAYUM Zain Ullah, 刘子杰. 黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液的研究与应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2018, 37(04): 1566-1574.
[7]	王瞳煜, 杨双春, 潘一, ONGARBAYEV Asset, 张海燕. 阳离子表面活性剂清洁压裂液耐温性研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(12): 4607-4612.
[8]	张锋三, 沈一丁, 吴金桥, 原敏, 孙晓. 水包水型疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺增稠剂的合成及在压裂中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(08): 3058-3065.
[9]	杨兆中, 朱静怡, 李小刚, 费阳, 徐彬予. 纳米颗粒稳定泡沫在油气开采中的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(05): 1675-1681.
[10]	张锋三, 沈一丁, 王磊, 马国艳, 苏莹, 任婷. 聚丙烯酰胺压裂液减阻剂的合成及性能[J]. 化工进展, 2016, 35(11): 3640-3644.
[11]	刘磊，孙洪伟. 聚脲润滑脂的研究进展 [J]. 化工进展, 2009, 28(1): 51-.