本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展： 锌负极晶面调控

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1278

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 2504-2515.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1278

本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展：锌负极晶面调控

张志成¹^,²(), 韩大量¹^,²(), 樊丁辉¹^,², 陶莹¹^,², 翁哲¹^,²(), 杨全红¹^,²()

^1.天津大学化工学院，天津大学化学工程（联合）国家重点实验室，天津化学化工协同创新中心，天津 300072
^2.物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室，天津 300192

收稿日期:2022-07-07 修回日期:2022-07-25 出版日期:2023-05-10 发布日期:2023-06-02
通讯作者: 韩大量,翁哲,杨全红
作者简介:张志成（1996—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为基于沉积/溶解反应的水系二次电池。E-mail：smilezhicheng@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22109116);中国博士后科学基金(2021M692385);国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0500600);物质绿色创造与制造海河实验室;中央高校基本科研业务费专项

Recent advances in crystal plane regulation of zinc metal anodes for intrinsically safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries

ZHANG Zhicheng¹^,²(), HAN Daliang¹^,²(), FAN Dinghui¹^,², TAO Ying¹^,², WENG Zhe¹^,²(), YANG Quanhong¹^,²()

^1.Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
^2.Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China

Received:2022-07-07 Revised:2022-07-25 Online:2023-05-10 Published:2023-06-02
Contact: HAN Daliang, WENG Zhe, YANG Quanhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水系锌离子电池环境友好、成本低廉，是一种极具发展潜力、本征安全的电化学储能技术。对于实用化的锌离子电池，负极端金属锌的不均匀沉积所引起的枝晶问题会导致电池短路，严重限制了电池的循环寿命，是这种新型电池走向产品化的重要瓶颈。构建（002）晶面择优取向的锌负极被认为是抑制枝晶生长、提升电极库仑效率的有效手段。回溯近期有关金属锌负极的研究，本文首先概述了金属锌的电极过程和沉积形貌的影响因素，基于此从基底设计、涂层设计、电解液设计三个方面，着重总结了（002）晶面择优取向锌负极的设计策略和作用原理，最后展望了（002）晶面择优取向金属锌负极面临的挑战和未来发展方向，特别指出应在面向实用化锌离子电池的条件下评估金属锌负极的电化学性能和改性效果。

关键词: 水系锌离子电池, 金属锌负极, 锌枝晶, 晶面调控, 水平取向

Abstract:

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered a promising electrochemical energy storage technology due to their merits of good environmental friendliness, low cost and intrinsically high safety. The zinc dendrite growth caused by the uneven deposition of zinc ions will eventually lead to internal short-circuit of the battery, which severely limits the cycle life of AZIBs and thus hinders their industrialization. Construction of (002) plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes is considered an effective strategy to inhibit the dendrite growth and thus to improve the Coulombic efficiency of zinc anodes. Reviewing the recent research on zinc anodes, this review first overviewed the electrode process of zinc metal anodes and the factors that affected the morphology of zinc deposition. Strategies and the corresponding mechanisms for achieving (002) plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes were then emphatically summarized from the aspects of substrate design, coating design and electrolyte optimization. At last, challenges and future directions for research on (002) plane preferentially oriented zinc anodes were highlighted, especially pointing out that the evaluation of the optimizing strategies for zinc anodes should be made under practical working conditions.

Key words: aqueous zinc-ion batteries, zinc anode, zinc dendrite, plane control, preferential orientation

中图分类号:

TM912

张志成, 韩大量, 樊丁辉, 陶莹, 翁哲, 杨全红. 本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展：锌负极晶面调控[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2504-2515.

ZHANG Zhicheng, HAN Daliang, FAN Dinghui, TAO Ying, WENG Zhe, YANG Quanhong. Recent advances in crystal plane regulation of zinc metal anodes for intrinsically safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2504-2515.

图/表 9

图1 构建（002）晶面择优取向锌负极的策略[10-15]

图2 Zn-H2O体系在25℃下的Pourbaix图及考虑动力学因素时Zn-H2O体系的Pourbaix图[30-31]

图3 锌电沉积形貌的影响因素[24, 27, 34-35]

图4 无序电沉积锌与外延生长电沉积锌过程示意图（a）；金属锌和石墨烯的（002）晶面原子排布（b）；不锈钢箔表面电沉积锌形貌（c）；石墨烯涂覆的不锈钢箔表面外延生长电沉积锌形貌（d）；外延生长电沉积锌的库仑效率（e）；铜的（100）晶面上的欠电位沉积和过电位沉积锌层的晶体取向示意图（f）；铜的（100）晶面上不同原子模型电沉积锌的结合能（g）；（100）晶面择优取向铜箔表面的锌沉积层形貌(h)；普通铜箔表面锌沉积层形貌（i）[10-11]

图5 商业金属锌箔与（002）织构锌箔中晶粒排布以及沉积/溶解循环后形貌示意图（a）；六方晶系金属的滑移机理：（002）密堆积晶面沿<110>密堆积方向滑移（b）；累积叠轧焊工艺示意图（c）；滚轧特定次数后的锌箔X射线衍射曲线（d）；商业锌箔和 (f)（002）织构锌箔沉积/溶解10次后的表面形貌（e）[41]

图6 单晶锌表面锌沉积过程示意图和沉积过程中的SEM照片（沉积电流密度为2mA/cm2）（a）；多晶锌表面锌沉积过程示意图（b）[42]

图7 纯锌箔和NGO@Zn表面锌沉积过程示意图（a）；锌原子在Zn和ZnSe基底上的吸附能（插图显示了相应的计算模型）（b）；ZnSe@Zn电极上锌离子扩散和沉积过程示意图（c）；ZnSe@Zn电极循环10次后的表面形貌（d）；氟原子在锌的（002）晶面和（101）晶面上的吸附模型、自由能和吸附能（e）；FCOF薄膜下方的锌沉积形貌（1mA/cm2，2mAh/cm2）（f）[14-15, 43]

图8 两性离子聚合物单体对锌的（002）晶面的吸附能（a）；两性离子聚合物凝胶（PZIB）电解质中的锌织构形成机理（b）；锌负极在PZIB中循环10次后的表面形貌[44]（c）；Zn2+-SBT配位化合物在锌的（002）、（100）、（101）晶面的吸附能（d）；锌箔在不同电解液中沉积锌后的（002）极图（e）；锌箔分别在（f）ZnSO4-SBT和(g) ZnSO4电解液体系中沉积后的表面形貌（f, g）；纯锌箔、ND-Zn和SBT-Zn的X射线衍射曲线（h）[12, 44]

图9 OTf-阴离子诱导（002）织构锌形成示意图（a）；Zn(OTf)2电解液中电沉积锌的（002）极图（b）；Zn(OTf)2（c）和ZnSO4（d）中的电沉积锌表面形貌；(002)-Zn在Zn(OTf)2中循环后的X射线衍射曲线（e）；(002)-Zn和 (g) (101)-Zn循环后表面形貌（f）[13]

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本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展：锌负极晶面调控

Recent advances in crystal plane regulation of zinc metal anodes for intrinsically safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展： 锌负极晶面调控

Recent advances in crystal plane regulation of zinc metal anodes for intrinsically safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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本征安全水系锌离子电池的新进展：锌负极晶面调控