蛭石层状膜的制备及有机溶剂纳滤性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0178

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受全球能源形势与环境问题影响，新型膜分离技术尤其是二维层状膜在分离领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，目前使用的二维纳米材料化学环境相对复杂，且膜制备成本高昂，限制了其工业化推广。天然蛭石廉价易得，剥离简单，表面只含有硅羟基且其含量易于调控，可精确调控所制备层状膜层间亲疏水性，实现有机溶剂的高效渗透和极性与非极性溶剂的高效分离。研究发现：蛭石层状膜展现出优异的极性溶剂分子传递能力，而非极性溶剂则相对较低，其中乙腈分子渗透性高达1650L/（m²·h·bar)（1bar=0.1MPa），甲苯分子渗透性仅为37.8L/（m²·h·bar)，乙腈与甲苯的分离因子高达43.6，展现出优异的分子分离性能。本文所制备蛭石层状膜具有1.36nm的规则平直层间传递通道，对分子动力学直径大于层间距的结晶紫（1.5nm）、亮蓝（1.6nm）、酸性黄14（1.9nm）等染料分子的截留率均大于90%，截留性能优良。同时，蛭石层状膜具有良好的压力循环稳定性及抗污染能力，展现出巨大的分离应用潜力。

关键词: 蛭石, 二维纳米片, 层状膜, 有机溶剂纳滤, 分子分离

Abstract:

The novel technology of membrane separation, especially the two-dimensional lamellar membrane, holds broad application prospects in the separation field. However, the complex chemical environment and high cost of membrane nanomaterials currently limit their industrialization. Natural vermiculite has the advantages of cheap and easy to obtain, simple to exfoliationl, and only contains silica hydroxyl on the surface which is easy to adjust. Thus, the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the as-prepared lamellar membrane can be precisely controlled to achieve efficient permeation of organic solvents and high separation of polar and non-polar solvents. The results indicated that the vermiculite lamellar membrane showed excellent molecular transport ability for polar solvents, while relatively low ability for non-polar solvents. The permeance of acetonitrile was up to 1650L/(m²·h·bar), while that of toluene was only 37.8L/(m²·h·bar). The separation factor of acetonitrile to toluene could be as high as 43.6, showing excellent molecular separation performance. The prepared vermiculite lamellar membrane with the interlayer spacing of 1.36nm held outstanding size sieving ability due to its regular and straight interlayer channels. The rejection of crystal violet (1.5nm), bright blue (1.6nm), acid yellow 14 (1.9nm) and other dye molecules with larger dynamics diameter than interlayer spacing were over 90%. Moreover, the vermiculite lamellar membrane displayed excellent pressure cycling stability and anti-pollution ability, showing great potential in separation applications.

Key words: vermiculite, two-dimensional nanosheets, lamellar membrane, organic solvent nanofiltration, molecular separation

中图分类号:

TQ028.8

孟祥伟, 吴晓莉, 高展鹏, 李文鹏, 王景涛. 蛭石层状膜的制备及有机溶剂纳滤性能[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(11): 5986-5995.

MENG Xiangwei, WU Xiaoli, GAO Zhanpeng, LI Wenpeng, WANG Jingtao. Preparation and organic solvent nanofiltration performance of vermiculite lamellar membranes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(11): 5986-5995.

图/表 9

图1 2D层状膜制备流程示意图

图2 自制死端膜性能评价测试装置

图3 蛭石纳米片与蛭石层状膜的形貌表征

图4 不同负载量蛭石层状膜的SEM表面与断面

图5 不同负载量蛭石层状膜的水渗透性和结晶紫截留

图6 蛭石层状膜的性能测试

图7 蛭石、蛭石-700℃、蛭石-900℃层状膜的膜表面AFM、断面SEM和XPS图谱Si 2p分峰

图8 蛭石、蛭石-700℃、蛭石-900℃层状膜的FTIR、XRD、TG和CA测试

图9 蛭石、蛭石-700℃和蛭石-900℃层状膜渗透性拟合与乙腈甲苯分离能力

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