新型除氟吸附材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1591

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

半导体、稀土开采等行业所排放的氟废水所引发氟中毒现象备受关注。吸附法是去除废水中氟离子的有效方法之一，但传统吸附剂存在吸附容量低、选择性差等缺点，亟需研发具有高吸附容量、可再生且无二次污染的吸附材料。本文归纳了一些新型吸附材料，如高分子材料吸附剂、生物炭、层状双氢氧化物、工业废弃物、纳米材料及其改性材料在含氟废水中的研究应用；总结了这些改性材料的制备过程，介绍了这些材料吸附除氟的能力，分析了新型吸附材料吸附除氟的机理以及共存离子干扰、pH适用范围等影响因素，并指出了材料制备存在的问题，提出了制备对氟离子具有高选择性能的改性吸附材料的发展方向和材料循环利用所需解决的重要问题。

关键词: 吸附, 吸附剂, 改性, 机理分析, 氟离子

Abstract:

Fluoride poisoning caused by fluorine wastewater discharged from semiconductor, rare earth mining and other industries has attracted much attention. Adsorption is a kind of effective methods to remove fluoride from wastewater. However, traditional adsorbents have the disadvantages of low adsorption capacity and poor selectivity. It is urgent to develop adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, regeneration and no secondary pollution. Some new adsorption materials, involving polymer adsorbents, biochar, layered double hydroxides, industrial wastes and modified nano-materials in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater are induced. The preparation process, the adsorption and fluorine removal ability of these modified materials are summarized. The adsorption and fluorine removal mechanism of new adsorption materials and the influencing factors such as coexisting ion interference and pH application range are analyzed, and the existing problems in the preparation of materials are pointed out, so as to develop effective adsorbents in the field of fluorine removal in the future. The development direction of how to prepare modified adsorption materials with high selectivity for fluorine ions in the future and the important problems to be solved in material recycling are put forward.

Key words: adsorption, adsorbents, modification, mechanism analysis, fluorine ion

中图分类号:

TQ424

田追, 张震, 卢嫚, 杨斌, 杨金辉, 周书葵, 魏柏, 李聪. 新型除氟吸附材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(6): 3051-3062.

TIAN Zhui, ZHANG Zhen, LU Man, YANG Bin, YANG Jinhui, ZHOU Shukui, WEI Bai, LI Cong. New adsorption materials for removing fluoride from wastewater: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(6): 3051-3062.

图/表 5

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吸附剂	pH适用范围	吸附容量/mg·g^-1	吸附机理	热力学/动力学	参考文献
锆改性茶籽壳生物炭	3~9	11.04	静电吸附	Langmuir/二级	［44］
锆浸渍核桃壳生物炭	3~12	6.38	静电吸附	Freundlich/二级	［45］
炭化椰子树根	—	2.04	化学吸附	Langmuir/二级	［46］
硝酸活化植物树皮生物炭	2~11	1.65	—	Langmuir/二级	［47］
超声空化诱导合成锆浸渍生物炭	2~12	5.40	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［48］
钙修饰花生壳生物炭	5~7	1.32	表面吸附	Langmuir/二级	［49］
氧化铁复合木片生物炭	5	0.42	静电吸附	—	［50］

吸附剂	pH适用范围	吸附容量/mg·g^-1	吸附机理	热力学/动力学	参考文献
锆改性茶籽壳生物炭	3~9	11.04	静电吸附	Langmuir/二级	［44］
锆浸渍核桃壳生物炭	3~12	6.38	静电吸附	Freundlich/二级	［45］
炭化椰子树根	—	2.04	化学吸附	Langmuir/二级	［46］
硝酸活化植物树皮生物炭	2~11	1.65	—	Langmuir/二级	［47］
超声空化诱导合成锆浸渍生物炭	2~12	5.40	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［48］
钙修饰花生壳生物炭	5~7	1.32	表面吸附	Langmuir/二级	［49］
氧化铁复合木片生物炭	5	0.42	静电吸附	—	［50］

水滑石类别	pH适用范围	吸附容量/mg·g^–1	吸附机理	热力学/动力学	参考文献
Li-Al型类水滑石	6.5~8.0	123.46	离子交换	Freundlich/二级	［53］
Mg-Al-NO₃型类水滑石	10.49	57.14	氟离子插层和氟代诺三水铝石沉淀	Langmuir/二级	［54］
Mg-Al-Fe类水滑石	3~8	33.67	—	Langmuir/二级	［55］
Ni-Al型类水滑石	6.6~7.5	0.45	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］
Co-Al型类水滑石	6.9~7.3	0.31	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］
Mg-Al型类水滑石	7.1~8.2	0.37	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］

水滑石类别	pH适用范围	吸附容量/mg·g^–1	吸附机理	热力学/动力学	参考文献
Li-Al型类水滑石	6.5~8.0	123.46	离子交换	Freundlich/二级	［53］
Mg-Al-NO₃型类水滑石	10.49	57.14	氟离子插层和氟代诺三水铝石沉淀	Langmuir/二级	［54］
Mg-Al-Fe类水滑石	3~8	33.67	—	Langmuir/二级	［55］
Ni-Al型类水滑石	6.6~7.5	0.45	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］
Co-Al型类水滑石	6.9~7.3	0.31	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］
Mg-Al型类水滑石	7.1~8.2	0.37	离子交换	Langmuir/二级	［56］

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