高炉煤气特征组分分析及其对脱硫过程的影响研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高炉煤气（BFG）作为炼铁过程中副产的可燃气体，具有明显的资源回收价值，但其同时存在热值低、成分复杂等问题。目前大多数研究集中在对羰基硫（COS）、硫化氢（H₂S）等有害成分的脱除，而鲜有对高炉煤气特征组分的研究或报道。研究者对高炉煤气特征组分的来源、生成路径等不明朗，导致在研究过程中忽略了煤气复杂组分的相互影响，很多技术在工业应用时问题频发。本文阐述并分析了高炉煤气特征组分的来源及生成路径，进而讨论了高炉煤气特征组分对脱硫过程的影响。高炉原料、燃料和空气在高温条件下经过复杂的化学反应，生成粉尘、N₂、O₂、CO、CO₂、H₂、CH₄、H₂O、HCl、HCN、硫化物等共同组成高炉荒煤气，荒煤气中的O₂、CO_x、H₂、H₂O、HCl、硫化物等化学成分对COS转化或H₂S脱除过程产生影响，导致催化剂中毒或转化率下降。本文通过分析探讨特征组分在高炉煤气产生和脱硫净化过程中的相互作用及影响规律，为超低排放背景下高炉煤气的净化和资源化提供方向和参考。

关键词: 高炉煤气特征组分, 来源, 反应, 脱硫, 化学过程, 相互作用规律

Abstract:

As a kind of flammable gas from by-products of ironmaking process, blast furnace gas (BFG) has obvious value of resource recovery, however, it has several problems such as low calorific value, complex composition, etc. What’s more, most current studies focus on removal of harmful components like carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and so on, but there are few studies or reports on the characteristic components of BFG. Researchers are not clear about the source and generation path of the characteristic components in BFG, and as a result, the interaction of complex components in BFG is neglected during the course of studies, which leads to problems frequently when the technologies are used in industry. In this paper, the source and generation path of characteristic components of BFG were expounded and analyzed, and then the influence of the characteristic components on desulfurization process is discussed. Complex chemical reactions take place between raw materials, fuels and air at high temperature, during the process of which, some characteristic components are produced and form raw gas together, such as dusts, N₂, O₂, CO, CO₂, H₂, CH₄, H₂O, HCl, HCN , sulfides etc. Chemical components such as O₂, CO_x, H₂, H₂O, HCl and sulfides in raw gas have an effect on the process of COS conversion or H₂S removal, and ultimately result in catalysts poisoning or conversion rate reduction. This paper provides some directions and references for the purification and recycling of BFG under the background of ultra-low emission by analyzing and discussing the regularity of interaction between characteristic components during the process of BFG generation and desulfurization.

Key words: characteristic components of blast furnace gas, source, reaction, desulfurization, chemical processes, regularity of interaction

中图分类号:

X753

李翔, 王学谦, 李鹏飞, 王郎郎, 宁平, 马懿星, 曹睿, 钟磊. 高炉煤气特征组分分析及其对脱硫过程的影响研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(12): 6629-6639.

LI Xiang, WANG Xueqian, LI Pengfei, WANG Langlang, NING Ping, MA Yixing, CAO Rui, ZHONG Lei. Progress on characteristic components analysis of blast furnace gas and its influence on desulfurization process[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(12): 6629-6639.

图/表 9

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化学成分	体积分数/%
CO	22~27
CO₂	13~19
H₂	1~4
CH₄	0.2~0.4
N₂	54~58
O₂	0.06~0.4
硫化物	微量
其他	微量

化学成分	体积分数/%
CO	22~27
CO₂	13~19
H₂	1~4
CH₄	0.2~0.4
N₂	54~58
O₂	0.06~0.4
硫化物	微量
其他	微量

硫化物种类	含量/mg·m^-3
COS	86~118
H₂S	20~60
SO₂	<1
CS₂	<1
CH₃SH	<0.5
CH₃SSCH₃	<0.1
C₄H₄S	<0.1
CH₃SCH₃	<0.1

硫化物种类	含量/mg·m^-3
COS	86~118
H₂S	20~60
SO₂	<1
CS₂	<1
CH₃SH	<0.5
CH₃SSCH₃	<0.1
C₄H₄S	<0.1
CH₃SCH₃	<0.1

粉尘种类	质量分数/%
焦炭粉末	7~43
SiO₂	17~25
CaO	11~15
MgO	3~8
Al₂O₃	10~15
Fe₂O₃	5~15
烧失量	11~15