微通道结构数值模拟及实验性能评价

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0285

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Fluent软件的数值模拟结果显示伞形微通道结构比U形直线形微通道结构具有更加高效的混合效率，但该结构也存在流动死区，结合优化方向提出一种压降更小、混合效率较优更适用于液-液非均相反应的菱形微通道结构。同时，本文利用前述3种不同微通道结构反应器及常规反应器开展丙烯酸十四酯的合成评价对比实验，红外光谱及核磁谱图对反应产物的分析表征均证明了丙烯酸十四酯的生成。常规反应器和微反应器在相似工艺条件下，丙烯酸十四酯的收率仅为82%，停留时间更是长达300min，而微反应器中收率均达到90%以上，停留时间不超过3.5min，且菱形微通道结构反应器比U形直线形和伞形微通道结构反应器所得丙烯酸十四酯的收率都大，达到97%，说明菱形微通道结构更加有利于物料间的充分混合反应，这与菱形微通道结构数值模拟显示的结果是一致的，从而验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。

关键词: 数值模拟, 微反应器, 微通道, 丙烯酸十四酯, 收率

Abstract:

The numerical simulation results of Fluent software showed that the umbrella-shaped microchannel structure had higher mixing efficiency than the U-shaped linear microchannel structure, but this structure also had flow dead zones. Combined with the optimization direction, a diamond-shaped microchannel structure with smaller pressure drop and better mixing efficiency was proposed, which was more suitable for liquid-liquid heterogeneous reaction. Meanwhile, three different microchannel structure reactors, which were described above, and conventional reactor were used to carry out the comparative evaluation synthesis experiment of tetradecyl acrylate (TA). The analysis and characterization of FTIR and NMR for reaction products had demonstrated the formation of TA. In the conventional reactor, the yield TA was only 82% and the residence time was up to 300minutes. The yields of TA in the microreactors was more than 90% and the residence time was less than 3.5minutes. The yields of TA in the diamond-shaped microreactor was higher than that in the U-shaped linear and umbrella-shaped microreactor, which was up to 97%, indicating that the diamond-shaped microchannel structure was more conducive to the full mixing reaction. It was consistent with the numerical simulation results of the diamond-shaped microchannel structure, verifying the reliability of numerical simulation results.

Key words: numerical simulation, microreactor, microchannel, tetradecyl acrylate, yield

中图分类号:

TQ018

杨哲, 郗大来, 李宁, 周军. 微通道结构数值模拟及实验性能评价[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 39-47.

Zhe YANG, Dalai XI, Ning LI, Jun ZHOU. Numerical simulation and experimental performance evaluation of microchannel structure[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 39-47.

图/表 13

图1 微反应器结构简图

图2 微反应器三维模型

表1 流体计算域网格划分及网格无关性验证

微通道形式	网格总数/×10⁴个	料液出口温度/℃
U形直线形	7.05	78.5
	7.25	84.4
	7.45	85.0
	7.65	85.2
伞形	6.25	76.0
	6.45	80.5
	6.65	81.0
	6.85	81.5
菱形	8.35	81.4
	8.55	85.7
	8.75	86.0
	8.95	86.5

图3 流场速度分布

图4 流场压力分布

图5 流场浓度分布

图6 菱形微通道结构数值模拟

图7 微反应系统实验装置1—原料混合罐；2—泵；3—微反应器；3-1—上层加热板；3-2—反应模块；3-3—下层加热板；4—产物收集罐；5—循环加热器

图8 丙烯酸十四酯的FTIR谱图

图9 丙烯酸十四酯的1H NMR谱图

图10 丙烯酸十四酯的13C NMR谱图

表2 不同反应设备所得产物收率

反应器型式	收率/%	进料流量/mL·min^-1	停留时间/min
U形直线形微结构	90	12.00	2.1
伞形微结构	92	12.00	3.5
菱形微结构	97	12.00	2.8
常规反应器	82	—	300

表3 不同微结构相同压降处所得产物

反应器型式	收率/%	进料流量/mL·min^-1	停留时间/min
U形直线形微结构	32	12.00	0.1
伞形微结构	45	12.00	0.25
菱形微结构	97	12.00	2.8

参考文献 28

1	刘熠, 郭兆寿, 韩永博, 等. 微通道反应器的研究进展[J]. 辽宁化工, 2018, 47(7): 681-684.
	LIU Y, GUO Z S, HAN Y B, et al. Research progress of microchannel reactors[J]. Liaoning Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(7): 681-684.
2	陈光文, 袁权. 微化工技术[J]. 化工学报, 2003, 54(4): 427-439.
	CHEN G W, YUAN Q. Micro-chemical technology[J]. CIESC Journal, 2003, 54(4): 427-439.
3	陈光文, 赵玉潮, 乐军, 等. 微化工过程中的传递现象[J]. 化工学报, 2013, 64(1): 63-75.
	CHEN G W, ZHAO Y C, YUE J, et al. Transport phenomena in micro-chemical engineering[J]. CIESC Journal, 2013, 64(1): 63-75.
4	钱锦远, 李晓娟, 吴赞, 等. 微通道内液-液两相流流型及传质的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(4): 1624-1633.
	QIAN J Y，LI X J，WU Z, et al. Research progress on flow regimes and mass transfer of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(4): 1624-1633.
5	周澳, 李熙腾, 李鑫培, 等. 3D打印多通道微反应器用于萃取分离In³⁺和Fe³⁺[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(5): 2093-2102.
	ZHOU A, LI X T, LI X P, et al. Extraction and separation of In³⁺and Fe³⁺ using a 3D printing multi-channel microreactor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(5): 2093-2102.
6	叶飞飞, 张宝丹, 靳海波, 等. 微通道反应器合成纳米BaSO₄颗粒及其在干片多功能层上的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(3): 1179-1187.
	YE F F, ZHANG B D, JIN H B, et al. Preparation of BaSO₄ nanoparticles in microchannel reactor and its application in multifunctional layers of medical slices[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 1179-1187.
7	张跃, 李津石, 严生虎, 等. 微通道反应器中二氯丙醇环化反应[J]. 化工进展, 2012, 31(1): 189-192.
	ZHANG Y, LI J S, YAN S H, et al. Research on cyclization reaction of dichloropropanol in a micro-channel reactor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2012, 31(1): 189-192.
8	BOROVINSKAYA E S, RESHETILOVSKII V P. Microstructural reactors: concept, development and application[J]. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2008, 81(12): 2211-2231.
9	唐静. 微通道内液滴流的形成及传质过程研究[M]. 天津：天津大学, 2013.
	TANG J. Study on formation and mass transfer process of droplet flow in a microchannel[M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2013.
10	REN Y, LEUNG W F. Numerical and experimental investigation on flow and mixing in batch-mode centrifugal microfluidics[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 60: 95-104.
11	SEN N, SINGH K K, MUKHOPADHYAY S, et al. Comparison of different microreactors for solvent-free, continuous synthesis of [EMIM][EtSO₄] ionic liquid: an experimental and CFD study[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016, 222: 622-631.
12	RAHIMI M, AGHEL B, HATAMIFAR B, et al. CFD modeling of mixing intensification assisted with ultrasound wave in a T-type microreactor[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2014, 86: 36-46.
13	FERRARI A, MAGNINI M, THOME J R. Numerical analysis of slug flow boiling in square microchannels[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 123: 928-944.
14	AHMED S, SERAJI M T, JAHEDI J, et al. CFD simulation of turbulence promoters in a tubular membrane channel[J]. Desalination, 2011, 276(1/2/3): 191-198.
15	AHMED S, SERAJI M T, JAHEDI J, et al. Application of CFD for simulation of a baffled tubular membrane[J]. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2012, 90(5): 600-608.
16	LIU Y, FOX R O. CFD predictions for chemical processing in a confined impinging jets reactor[J]. AIChE Journal, 2006, 52(2): 731-744.
17	GAVI E, MARCHISIO D L, BARRESI A A. CFD modelling and scale-up of confined impinging jet reactors[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2007, 62(8): 2228-2241.
18	WIBEL W, WENKA A, BRANDNER J J, et al. Measuring and modeling the residence time distribution of gas flows in multichannel microreactors[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 215/216: 449-460.
19	李进良, 李承曦, 胡仁喜. 精通FLUENT6.3流场分析[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2009: 45.
	LI J L, LI C X, HU R X. FLUENT6.3 flow field analysis[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2009: 45.
20	韩占忠, 王敬, 兰小平. FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2010: 20.
	HAN Z Z, WANG J, LAN X P. Fluent fluid engineering simulation calculation example and application[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2010: 20.
21	丁祖荣. 流体力学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003: 38.
	DING Z R. Hydrodynamics[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003: 38.
22	NIEVES-REMACHA M J, YANG L, JENSEN K F. Open FOAM computational fluid dynamic simulations of two-phase flow and mass transfer in an advanced-flow reactor[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015, 54(26): 6649-6659.
23	NIEVES-REMACHA M J, KULKARNI A A, JENSEN K F. Gas-liquid flow and mass transfer in an advanced-flow reactor[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(26): 8996-9010.
24	NIEVES-REMACHA M J, KULKARNI A A, JENSEN K F. Hydrodynamics of liquid-liquid dispersion in an advanced-flow reactor[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(50): 16251-16262.
25	杨雪芳, 林莹. 挡板结构对微混合器内流动与混合的影响[J]. 上海应用技术学院学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 16(4):338-343.
	YANG X Y, LIN Y. Effect of baffle structure on fluid flow and mixing in the micromixer[J]. Journal of Shanghai Institute of Technology（Natural Science）, 2016, 16(4):338-343.
26	范娜. 原油降凝剂的合成及复配研究[D]. 大连：辽宁师范大学，2010.
	FAN N. The synthesis and composition of crude oil pour point depressant[D]. Dalian: Liaoning Normal University, 2010.
27	宋昭峥, 葛际江, 蒋庆哲. 丙烯酸十四酯的合成[J]. 精细化工中间体, 2004, 34(2): 28-30.
	SONG Z Z, GE J J, JIANG Q Z. Synthesis of tetradecyl acrylate[J]. Fine Chemical Intermediates, 2004, 34(2): 28-30.
28	邓芹英, 刘岚, 邓慧敏. 波谱分析教程[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2007: 154-156.
	DENG Q Y, LIU L, DENG H M. Analysis course of spectrum[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2007: 154-156.

[1]	王太, 苏硕, 李晟瑞, 马小龙, 刘春涛. 交流电场中贴壁气泡的动力学行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 133-141.
[2]	赵晨, 苗天泽, 张朝阳, 洪芳军, 汪大海. 负压状态窄缝通道乙二醇水溶液传热特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 148-157.
[3]	陈匡胤, 李蕊兰, 童杨, 沈建华. 质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层结构与设计研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 246-259.
[4]	郭强, 赵文凯, 肖永厚. 增强流体扰动强化变压吸附甲硫醚/氮气分离的数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 64-72.
[5]	邵博识, 谭宏博. 锯齿波纹板对挥发性有机物低温脱除过程强化模拟分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 84-93.
[6]	刘炫麟, 王驿凯, 戴苏洲, 殷勇高. 热泵中氨基甲酸铵分解反应特性及反应器结构优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4522-4530.
[7]	赵曦, 马浩然, 李平, 黄爱玲. 错位碰撞型微混合器混合性能的模拟分析与优化设计[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4559-4572.
[8]	邓建, 王凯, 骆广生. 面向硝基化学品安全生产的绝热连续微反应技术发展及思考[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3923-3925.
[9]	叶振东, 刘涵, 吕静, 张亚宁, 刘洪芝. 基于钙镁二元盐的热化学储能反应器的性能优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4307-4314.
[10]	刘卫孝, 刘洋, 高福磊, 汪伟, 汪营磊. 微反应器在含能材料合成与品质提升中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3349-3364.
[11]	俞俊楠, 俞建峰, 程洋, 齐一搏, 化春键, 蒋毅. 基于深度学习的变宽度浓度梯度芯片性能预测[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3383-3393.
[12]	单雪影, 张濛, 张家傅, 李玲玉, 宋艳, 李锦春. 阻燃型环氧树脂的燃烧数值模拟[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3413-3419.
[13]	王硕, 张亚新, 朱博韬. 基于灰色预测模型的水煤浆输送管道冲蚀磨损寿命预测[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3431-3442.
[14]	周龙大, 赵立新, 徐保蕊, 张爽, 刘琳. 电场-旋流耦合强化多相介质分离研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3443-3456.
[15]	陈蔚阳, 宋欣, 殷亚然, 张先明, 朱春英, 付涛涛, 马友光. 矩形微通道内液相黏度对气泡界面的作用机制[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3468-3477.