纤维素基有机-无机杂化复合膜的制备及其吸附性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-2376

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以羧甲基纤维素（CMC）为原料，经高碘酸钠选择性氧化制备双醛基羧甲基纤维素（DCMC），与明胶通过“席夫碱键”化学交联并掺杂海泡石构筑纤维素基有机-无机杂化复合膜。超声波辅助处理能够有效促进微纤维状海泡石在双醛羧甲基纤维素/明胶溶解体系中的均匀分散，同时产生氢键缔合作用，所得混合液经真空干燥成膜。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪（FTIR）、热分析仪（TGA）、质构仪对DCMC/明胶/海泡石复合薄膜形貌特征、官能团、热稳定性和力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明，加入海泡石后复合薄膜力学性能显著提高，当海泡石添加量为0.5g时，拉伸应力和断裂伸长率同时达到最佳效果。复合膜具有良好的热稳定性，显著失重温度在300~350℃范围内。吸附实验表明该复合薄膜材料具备良好的染料吸附性能，对于选定的3种染料（亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、藏红T），复合膜吸附量均随海泡石含量的增加而增大，当海泡石添加量大于0.5g时吸附量均超过200mg/g，脱附实验表明该杂化膜可经酸处理解吸再生，有较好的重复利用率。该生物质基有机-无机杂化复合薄膜原料来源丰富，生物可降解，在生物医用和污染防治方面具有潜在应用价值。

关键词: 羧甲基纤维素, 明胶, 海泡石, 薄膜, 吸附, 复合材料

Abstract:

Dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was prepared by selective oxidation of sodium periodate with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as raw material, then it was chemically crosslinked with gelatin through “Schiff base bond” and mixed with sepiolite to obtain cellulose-based organic-inorganic hybrid composite film. The uniform dispersion of the microfibrous sepiolite in the DCMC/gelatin aqueous solution was achieved under ultrasonic treatment, in which the hydrogen bond was formed between the components, then the resulting solution is dried under vacuum to form the composite film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), texture analysis were used to characterize the morphology, functional groups, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the film. The results showed that the mechanical properties have been significantly improved. When the addition amount of sepiolite was 0.5g, the elongation at break and tensile stress reached the maximum. At the same time, the composite membrane has a good thermal stability with the significant weight loss appearing in the range of 300℃ to 350℃. The adsorption experiments showed that the composite film show good adsorption to dye. For three selected dyes（methylene blue, malachite green, saffron T）, the adsorption capacity of the composite membrane increased with the increasing of sepiolite content, and reached up to 200mg/g when the amount of sepiolite was greater than 0.5g. Desorption experiments showed that the hybrid membrane could be regenerated by acid treatment and had good recycling efficiency. The synthesized biomass-based organic-inorganic hybrid composite film is well-sourced, biodegradable, and therefore has potential application in biomedical and pollution treatment.

Key words: carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, sepiolite, membranes, adsorption, composites

中图分类号:

TQ352

王梓,林凤采,熊明诚,张松华,卢贝丽,黄彪. 纤维素基有机-无机杂化复合膜的制备及其吸附性能[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(9): 4204-4211.

Zi WANG,Fengcai LIN,Mingcheng XIONG,Songhua ZHANG,Beili LU,Biao HUANG. Preparation and adsorption performance of cellulose-based organic-inorganic hybrid composite membrane[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(9): 4204-4211.

图/表 7

图1 双醛羧甲基纤维素/明胶/海泡石复合膜制备流程及反应机理示意图

图2 双醛羧甲基纤维素/明胶/海泡石复合膜扫描电镜图

图3 羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、双醛羧甲基纤维素（DCMC）和

图4 双醛羧甲基纤维素/明胶/海泡石复合膜的TG和DTG曲线

图5 海泡石含量对复合膜拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的影响

图6 复合膜对3种常见染料吸附量随海泡石含量变化趋势和G-0.5H的再生循环吸附性能

图7 所选染料分子结构示意图和不同海泡石含量复合薄膜吸附后染料溶液和样品颜色变化

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